12.1 — introduction to respiration Flashcards
what does ATP act as?
a universal currency, providing the energy required for various cellular processes
when is ATP made?
when P1 is combined with ADP, using the energy released in respiration
what is the formation of ATP an example of?
an anabolic reaction
what is an anabolic reaction?
a chemical reaction in which small molecules are built up into larger ones, using a input of energy
what are the two ways cells must regenerate ATP during respiration?
- substrate-level phosphorylation
- chemiosmosis
what is substrate-level phosphorylation?
direct transfer of a phosphate group from a donor molecule to ADP
what is chemiosmosis?
a process using the movement of protons to drive ATP synthesis
what type of reaction is substrate-level phosphorylation an example of?
a substrate linked reaction, which is when ATP is made using energy provided directly by another chemical reaction
how and where does human ATP production primarily occur?
through glucose metabolism in aerobic cellular respiration
what are the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration?
- glycolysis
- link reaction
- krebs cycle
- oxidative phosphorylation
where does glycolysis occur?
the cytoplasm of the mitochondria
what is the main process of glycolysis?
breakdown of glucose into pyruvate molecules
what are the main products of glycolysis ?
(per glucose molecule):
- 2 ATP
- 2 reduced NADP
- 2 pyruvate
where does the link reaction occur?
the mitochondrial matrix
what is the main process of the link reaction?
conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA
