1.11 — factors affecting enzyme action

Question 1

what can affect the rate of enzyme catalysed reactions?

Answer 1

changes in temperature of pH

Question 2

how do drastic temperature increases of changes to the pH cause an enzyme to be denatured?

Answer 2

these factors cause bonds to break, changing the enzymes tertiary structure. this causes the active site to change shape so that the substrate no longer fits; no enzyme-substrate complexes can be formed and the enzyme is denatured permanently

Question 3

what are the factors that affect enzyme reactions? (4)

Answer 3

1. temperature
2. pH
3. substrate concentration
4. enzyme concentration

Question 4

how can temperature affect enzyme reactions? (3)

Answer 4

1. the molecules have more kinetic energy, causing more collisions and enzyme-substrate complexes
2. the optimum temperature is the temperature that the enzymes works fastest at
3. too much kinetic energy caused the active site to change shape and denature

Question 5

how can pH affect enzyme reactions? (3)

Answer 5

1. in acidic conditions, H⁺ ions break ionic/hydrogen bonds and denature enzymes
2. the optimum pH os the Ph in which the enzymes work fastest at
3. in alkaline conditions, OH^- ions break ionic bonds or hydrogen bonds and denature enzymes

Question 6

how can substrate concentration affect enzyme reactions? (2)

Answer 6

1. there are more substrate molecules to form more enzyme-substrate (ES) complexes
2. this is the saturation point, wherein which all active sites are occupied by a substrate and enzyme concentration becomes the limiting factor

Question 7

how can enzyme concentration affect enzyme reactions? (2)

Answer 7

1. there are more enzyme molecules to form more enzyme-substrate (ES) complexes
   2.all substrate molecules available are being acted upon and substrate concentration becomes the limiting factor