1.10 — enzyme action Flashcards
what are enzymes?
globular proteins with complex and unique tertiary structures
what is activation energy?
the certain amount of energy for a chemical reaction to begin
why are enzymes known as biological catalysts?
because they increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction itself
what is the most common form of activation energy?
heat
what happens if there is not sufficient activation energy?
the reactant molecules will not have enough energy to break their bonds and form new ones to produce the desired products
how to enzymes work?
by lowering the activation energy for a chemical reaction, meaning that reactions are able to take place at a lower temperature (e.g body temp)
what are they two different types of enzymes?
intracellular and extracellular
what are intracellular enzymes?
enzymes which act within the cells that produce them
what are extracellular enzymes?
enzymes which act outside the cells that produce them, and are secreted
what determines the shape of an enzymes active site?
their unique tertiary structure
what is the shape of an enzyme to its substrate?
complimentary
what forms after the substrate binds to the enzyme’s active site
an enzyme-substrate (ES) complex
where do temporary bonds form within the active site and the substrate and what do they do?
temporary bonds form between the R groups within the active site and the substrate. they lower the activation energy to help break down the substrate into products
what are the two models of enzyme action?
the lock and key model and the induced fit model
what is the lock and key model?
a model wherein which the substrate fits perfectly into the enzyme’s active site the same way that a key fits into a lock
