1.3 — carbohydrates: monosaccharides and disaccharides Flashcards
what is another name for monosaccharides?
simple sugars
monosaccharides are s______, s____-t______ and are found in many foods such as f_____, v_________ and g____. what are the missing terms?
soluble/sweet-tasting/fruits/vegetables/grains
what is the general formula of monosaccharides and what range of numbers can ‘n’ be?
the general formula — (CH2O)n
the range of n — 3-7
how are monosaccharides classified?
according to the number of carbon atoms in each molecule
what is a hexose sugar?
a sugar with 6 carbon atoms
what is a ribose sugar?
a sugar with 5 carbon atoms
what are three examples of a hexose sugar?
glucose, fructose and galactose
what are two examples of pentose sugars?
ribose and deoxyribose
what is the formula of glucose?
C6H12O6
what are the two isomers of glucose?
alpha and beta
what position is the hydroxyl group in alpha glucose?
at the bottom of the molecule
what position is the hydroxyl group in beta glucose?
at the top of the molecule
glucose is used as the _______ energy source in animals and plants. what is the missing term?
primary
what two features of glucose help it function as an energy source?
1 . it is soluble — the hydroxyl groups can form hydrogen bonds with water, so it can be transported around organisms
- its bonds store lots of energy — this energy is released when the bonds are broken
when are disaccharides formed and by what bond?
when two monosaccharides join together though condensation reaction by a glycosidic bond