1.6 Lesson

Question 1

Translate to Spanish.

My family is very big

Answer 1

Mi familia es muy grande

family - la familia

Question 2

Translate to Spanish.

My father is working upstairs

Answer 2

Mi padre está trabajando arriba

father - el padre, el papá. Note that papá translates as “dad” and is a more affectionate way of saying padre

Question 3

Translate to Spanish.

My parents don’t speak Spanish

Answer 3

Mis padres no hablan español

Note that mi becomes mis when the noun being modified (e.g. “parents”) is plural

Question 4

Translate to Spanish.

Your dad is angry with you because you do not study

Answer 4

Tu papá está enojado contigo porque tú no estudias

your - tu. Note that in the possessive, tu does not have an accent mark, although it is pronounced exactly the same as tú (“you”)

Question 5

What is the difference between the words tú and tu?

Answer 5

• Tú is the second person singular pronoun “you”
• Tu is the second person singular possessive adjective “your”

Question 6

Translate to Spanish.

Does your mother speak English?

Answer 6

¿Habla tu madre inglés?

Note that Spanish does not have an equivalent helping verb to the English word “do”. Instead, we simply begin the question with the conjugated verb, and place the subject directly after it

Question 7

Translate to Spanish.

Your brother is studying art at the university

Answer 7

Tu hermano está estudiando arte en la universidad

brother - el hermano

Question 8

Translate to Spanish.

My sister is a mathematics student at a university in Spain

Answer 8

Mi hermana es una estudiante de matemáticas en una universidad en España

sister - la hermana

Question 9

Translate to Spanish.

Your (ud) brother is right there, in front of my tall sister

Answer 9

Su hermano está allí, en frente de mi hermana alta

Your (ud) - su

Question 10

Translate to Spanish.

My son is going to school with your (ud) son

Answer 10

Mi hijo está yendo a la escuela con su hijo

son - el hijo

Question 11

Translate to Spanish.

Your (ud) daughter is bored from so much studying

Answer 11

Su hija está aburrida de tanto estudiar

daughter - la hija

Question 12

Translate to Spanish.

My dad is a doctor

Answer 12

Mi papá es médico

doctor - el médico. Note that in Spanish the indefinite article is not used after ser when the noun is not modified. However, “My dad is an old doctor” would be Mi papá es un médico viejo

Question 13

Translate to Spanish.

His mother is not American; she is from México

Answer 13

Su madre no es americana; es de México

his, her - su. Note that both usted and él / ella pronouns take the possessive form su

Question 14

Translate to Spanish.

Her husband is a teacher; therefore he is busy teaching his students

Answer 14

Su esposo es maestro; entonces está ocupado enseñando a sus estudiantes

husband - el esposo, el marido. Note that the possessive adjective su becomes plural (sus) when the noun it modifies is plural

Question 15

Translate to Spanish.

My wife is very good-looking

Answer 15

Mi esposa es muy guapa

wife - la esposa

Question 16

Translate to Spanish.

Come on, it’s not hard

Answer 16

Vaya, no es difícil

come on - vaya

Question 17

Translate to Spanish.

Your sisters are running

Answer 17

Tus hermanas están corriendo

Remember that possessive adjectives always agree in number with the noun that they describe. Tu hermana becomes Tus hermanas

Question 18

Translate to Spanish.

Our house is way over there

Answer 18

Nuestra casa está allá

our - nuestro. Note that nuestro(a) agrees in both number and gender with the noun that it describes, not with the speaker’s number or gender

Question 19

Translate to Spanish.

There are a lot of students in this classroom

Answer 19

Hay muchos estudiantes en esta clase

there is, there are - hay. Note that hay is the third person “impersonal” conjugation of the auxiliary verb haber, which we will learn more about later

Question 20

Translate to Spanish.

Our uncles are reading some very good books

Answer 20

Nuestros tíos están leyendo unos libros muy buenos

uncle - el tío

Question 21

Translate to Spanish.

Our aunts are angry because we do not go to college

Answer 21

Nuestras tías están enojadas porque no vamos a la universidad

aunt - la tía

Question 22

Translate to Spanish.

Your cousin (f.) is our friend

Answer 22

Tu prima es nuestra amiga

cousin - el primo, la prima

Question 23

Translate to Spanish.

The house over there is your (vosotros) house, right?

Answer 23

La casa allá es vuestra casa, ¿verdad?

your (de vosotros) - vuestro. Note that like nuestro(a), vuestro(a) also agrees with the noun that it describes in number and gender

Question 24

Translate to Spanish.

Is your grandfather sick?

Answer 24

¿Está enfermo tu abuelo?

grandfather- el abuelo

Question 25

# Translate to Spanish. Is it true that your _grandmothers_ are writing letters from Spain?

Answer 25

¿Es verdad que tus _abuelas_ están escribiendo cartas de España? ## Footnote grandmother - *la abuela*

Question 26

# Translate to Spanish. Your (ud) _grandson_ is a student that is learning a lot

Answer 26

Su _nieto_ es un estudiante que está aprendiendo mucho ## Footnote grandson - *el nieto*

Question 27

# Translate to Spanish. Is your (ud) _granddaughter_ a student at the university?

Answer 27

¿Su _nieta_ es estudiante en la universidad? ## Footnote granddaughter - *la nieta*

Question 28

# Translate to Spanish. _Your_ brother is writing his essays

Answer 28

_Su_ hermano está escribiendo sus ensayos ## Footnote your (ellos) - *su*. Note that the same possessive pronoun su is used for *él, ella, ud., ellos, ellas,* and *uds*. It must always agree with the number of the noun it modifies: *su ensayo* becomes *sus ensayos*

Question 29

# Translate to Spanish. Their (ustedes) _nephews_ are here in the United States

Answer 29

Sus _sobrinos_ están aquí en los Estados Unidos ## Footnote nephew - *el sobrino*

Question 30

# Translate to Spanish. Our _nieces_ are sick so they are at home

Answer 30

Nuestras _sobrinas_ están enfermas entonces están en casa ## Footnote niece - *la sobrina*

Question 31

# Translate to Spanish. Their _boyfriends_ are going to Mexico

Answer 31

Sus _novios_ están yendo a México ## Footnote boyfriend - *el novio*

Question 32

# Translate to Spanish. Is your _girlfriend_ a student here?

Answer 32

¿Es tu _novia_ una estudiante aquí? ## Footnote girlfriend - *la novia*

Question 33

# Translate to Spanish. _When_ are you going to your grandmother's house?

Answer 33

¿_Cuándo_ vas a la casa de tu abuela? ## Footnote when? - *¿cuándo?*

Question 34

# Translate to Spanish. _When_ I work, I do not talk to my friends

Answer 34

_Cuando_ trabajo, no hablo con mis amigos ## Footnote when - *cuando*. Note that *cuándo* is used to form a question while *cuando* is a subordinating conjunction

Question 35

# Translate to Spanish. When is your _birthday_?

Answer 35

¿Cuándo es tu _cumpleaños_? ## Footnote birthday - *el cumpleaños*

Question 36

# Translate to Spanish. María eats a lot, _but_ she does not eat everything

Answer 36

María come mucho, _pero_ no come todo ## Footnote but - *pero*

Question 37

# Translate to Spanish. I am _blond_, but my sister is not blond

Answer 37

Soy _rubio_, pero mi hermana no es rubia ## Footnote blond - *rubio*

Question 38

# Translate to Spanish. Your sisters are blond and _white_

Answer 38

Tus hermanas son rubias y _blancas_ ## Footnote white - *blanco*

Question 39

# Translate to Spanish. Three of my brothers are _dark-skinned_ and two are white

Answer 39

Tres de mis hermanos son _morenos_ y dos son blancos ## Footnote dark-skinned - *moreno*

Question 40

# Translate to Spanish. I think that my cousins are very _ugly_

Answer 40

Creo que mis primos son muy _feos_ ## Footnote ugly - *feo*

Question 41

# Translate to Spanish. Your brothers are very _strong_, but you are not _strong_

Answer 41

Tus hermanos son muy _fuertes_, pero tú no eres _fuerte_ ## Footnote strong - *fuerte*. Note that *fuerte* does not vary according to gender, only according to number

Question 42

# Translate to Spanish. Are your aunts blonde, tall, and _thin_?

Answer 42

¿Son tus tías rubias, altas y _delgadas_? ## Footnote thin - *delgado, flaco*. Note that *delgado* is more neutral, whereas *flaco* can mean very skinny

Question 43

# Translate to Spanish. My brothers are very _small_

Answer 43

Mis hermanos son muy _pequeños_ ## Footnote small, little - *pequeño*

Question 44

# Translate to Spanish. All of my uncles are _young_

Answer 44

Todos mis tíos son _jóvenes_ ## Footnote young - *joven*. Note that some words are written with an accent only in the plural, in order to keep the spoken emphasis on the right syllable

Question 45

# Translate to Spanish. Is your grandmother very _old_?

Answer 45

¿Es muy _vieja_ tu abuela? ## Footnote old (elderly) - *viejo*. Note that *viejo* can also be used to describe objects

Question 46

# Translate to Spanish. He is my _old_ friend

Answer 46

Él es mi _viejo_ amigo ## Footnote old (long-time) - *viejo*. If *viejo* is used before the noun, it means "long-time" (e.g. "an old friend"). If used after the noun, it means "elderly"

Question 47

# Translate to Spanish. My aunt is _single_

Answer 47

Mi tía es _soltera_ ## Footnote single - *soltero*. Note that in Spanish you must use *ser* + *soltero*, rather than *estar*.

Question 48

# Translate to Spanish. My uncle Rafa is not single, but his sister *_is_* single

Answer 48

Mi tío Rafa no es soltero, pero su hermana _sí_ es soltera ## Footnote Note that *sí* is commonly used to reaffirm or emphasize a statement or fact

Question 49

# Translate to Spanish. My cousin isn't _married_; she's single

Answer 49

Mi prima no está _casada_; es soltera. ## Footnote married - *casado*. Note that although most Spanish-speakers will say *está casado*, some say *es* *casado*

Question 50

# Translate to Spanish. Are you going to see your friends?

Answer 50

¿Vas a ver _a_ tus amigos? ## Footnote Note the use of the word *a* where in the English translation there is no preposition. In Spanish, when the direct object of a verb is a person, you must use the "personal *a*"

Question 51

# Translate to Spanish. My cousin is _recently_ married

Answer 51

Mi prima está _recién_ casada ## Footnote recently - *recién*. This is the shortened form of *recientemente* and is more common when used before a past participle

Question 52

# Translate to Spanish. Marcos is my _only_ cousin

Answer 52

Marcos es mi _único_ primo ## Footnote the only - *el único*. If *único* is used before the noun, it means "the only." If used after the noun, it means "unique"

Question 53

# Translate to Spanish. It is a _unique_ book

Answer 53

Es un libro _único_ ## Footnote unique - *único*. If *único* is used before the noun, it means "the only." If used after the noun, it means "unique"

Question 54

# Translate to Spanish. _Certain students_ do not want to study. Right, Jimena and Ricardo?

Answer 54

_Ciertos estudiantes_ no quieren estudiar. ¿Verdad, Jimena y Ricardo? ## Footnote certain - *cierto*. If *cierto* is used before a noun, it means "certain." Otherwise, it means "sure" or "definite."

Question 55

# Translate to Spanish. _It isn't true_ that Miguel is Sara's cousin?

Answer 55

¿_No es cierto_ que Miguel es primo de Sara? ## Footnote true - *cierto*. We can also use the word *verdadero* to mean "true", derived from the word *verdad* ("truth")

Question 56

# Translate to Spanish. Your cousin Marta is _older_ than my _oldest_ brother

Answer 56

Tu prima Marta es _mayor_ que mi hermano _mayor_ ## Footnote older - *mayor*. Note that *mayor* is used to compare ages and can mean both "older" and "oldest"

Question 57

# Translate to Spanish. His father is _younger_ than my _youngest_ uncle

Answer 57

Su papá es _menor_ que mi tío _menor_ ## Footnote younger, youngest - *menor*

Question 58

# Translate to Spanish. My brother's _wedding_ is in eight days

Answer 58

La _boda_ de mi hermano es en ocho días ## Footnote wedding - *la boda*

Question 59

# Translate to Spanish. My sister's _baby_ is my niece

Answer 59

_La bebé_ de mi hermana es mi sobrina ## Footnote baby - *el/la bebé*. Note that the word *bebé* does not change according to gender, but the article used with it (*el* or *la*) does change

Question 60

# Translate to Spanish. The books are _mine_

Answer 60

Los libros son _míos_ ## Footnote mine - *mío*. Note that possessive pronouns agree in number and in gender with the object possessed, not with the number and gender of the subject or owner

Question 61

# Translate to Spanish. Is it (the pen) _yours_?

Answer 61

Es _tuyo_ (el bolígrafo)? OR Es _tuya_ (la pluma)? ## Footnote yours - *tuyo*. Note that although the possessive pronoun replaces the noun possessed, the noun can be repeated for emphasis or to clarify which object you are speaking about

Question 62

# Translate to Spanish. They are not my essays; are they _his_?

Answer 62

No son mis ensayos; ¿son _suyos_? ## Footnote his, hers, yours (de ud), theirs - *suyo*

Question 63

# Translate to Spanish. It is not Roberto's _car_; is it yours (ud)?

Answer 63

No es el _carro_ de Roberto; ¿es suyo? ## Footnote car - *el carro, el coche*

Question 64

# Translate to Spanish. They are our houses. They are _ours_

Answer 64

Son nuestras casas. Son _nuestras_ ## Footnote ours - *nuestro*. Note that in the first sentence, *nuestras* is used as a possessive adjective, while in the second sentence, *nuestras* is used as a possessive pronoun.

Question 65

# Translate to Spanish. They are not your _shoes_, they are mine

Answer 65

No son tus _zapatos_, son míos ## Footnote shoe - *el zapato*

Question 66

# Translate to Spanish. They are not our teachers; they are _yours_ (vosotros)

Answer 66

No son nuestros maestros, son _vuestros_ ## Footnote yours (vosotros) - *vuestro*

Question 67

# Translate to Spanish. The photos are _theirs_

Answer 67

Las fotos son _suyas_ ## Footnote theirs - *suyo*. Remember that "theirs", "his", "hers" , "yours (Ud)", and "yours (plural)" all take the same possessive pronoun *suyo*. The antecedent is usually clear due to the context of the sentence

Question 68

# Translate to Spanish. The chairs that are over there are not _yours_ (uds)

Answer 68

Las sillas que están allá no son _suyas_ ## Footnote yours (uds) - *suyo*. If we want to specify "yours" to eliminate ambiguity, we can say *No son de Ud.*

Question 69

# Translate to Spanish. They are not my _computers_; they are his

Answer 69

No son mis _computadoras_; son suyas ## Footnote computer - *la computadora, el computador, el ordenador*. Note that *la computadora* or *el computador* are used in Latin America, whereas *el ordenador* is used in Spain

Question 70

# Translate to Spanish. _Each_ computer is new

Answer 70

_Cada_ ordenador es nuevo ## Footnote each - *cada*

Question 71

# Translate to Spanish. Fernando and Elena are going to _type_ their essays

Answer 71

Fernando y Elena van a _escribir_ sus ensayos a _máquina_ ## Footnote to type - *escribir a máquina*. (*Máquina* literally means "machine")

Question 72

# Translate to Spanish. _Whose_ house is it?

Answer 72

¿_De quién_ es la casa? ## Footnote whose - *¿De quién?*

Question 73

# Translate to Spanish. Whose _idea_ is it? It is mine!

Answer 73

¿De quién es la _idea_? ¡Es mía! ## Footnote idea - *la idea*

Question 74

# Translate to Spanish. It is your _phone_. It is yours

Answer 74

Es tu _teléfono_. Es tuyo ## Footnote phone - *el teléfono*

Question 75

# Translate to Spanish. to have

Answer 75

tener ## Footnote to have - *tener*. Note that *tener* is an irregular stem-changing verb

Question 76

# Translate to Spanish. _I have_ six cousins that live in Madrid

Answer 76

_Tengo_ seis primas que viven en Madrid ## Footnote I have - *tengo*

Question 77

# Translate to Spanish. _You have_ five art classes in the building that is over there

Answer 77

_Tú tienes_ cinco clases de arte en el edificio que está allá ## Footnote you have - *tienes*. Note that the stem of *tener* changes from *e* to *ie* when making this verb form. Many other verbs change their stem in the present tense for you, he/she, and they/you all, as we will see

Question 78

# Translate to Spanish. I am very _hungry_

Answer 78

Tengo mucha _hambre_ ## Footnote hunger - *el hambre (fem*.). Notice that in Spanish you literally say "to have hunger". This construction is also used for other conditions as you will see later. Also notice that *hambre* is feminine but takes a masculine article for phonetic reasons

Question 79

# Translate to Spanish. _She is_ not _hungry_ because she is eating

Answer 79

_Ella_ no _tiene hambre_ porque está comiendo ## Footnote he/she has - *tiene*

Question 80

# Translate to Spanish. How many _bikes_ do you have?

Answer 80

¿Cuántas _bicis_ tienes? ## Footnote bicycle (bike) - *la bicicleta (bici)*

Question 81

# Translate to Spanish. Juan is the man _whose_ mother has a new car

Answer 81

Juan es el hombre _cuya_ mamá tiene un carro nuevo ## Footnote whose - *cuyo*. Note that *cuyo* is only a relative pronoun. To translate the English word "whose" in a question format, use *¿de quién?* (e.g. "Whose pencil is this?" - *¿De quién es este lápiz?*)

Question 82

# Translate to Spanish. What's wrong?

Answer 82

¿Qué tienes? ## Footnote What's wrong? - *¿Qu*é *tienes?*. This literally means "What do you have?", as in some sort of ailment or condition

Question 83

# Translate to Spanish. He is _sleepy_

Answer 83

Él tiene _sueño_ ## Footnote sleepiness - *el sueño*. Note that the English of "He is sleepy" translates literally to "He has sleepiness" in Spanish. *Un sueño* also means "a dream"

Question 84

# Translate to Spanish. Are you (usted) _thirsty_?

Answer 84

¿Tiene _sed_? ## Footnote thirst - *la sed*. Like with the phrase *Tengo hambre* ("I am hungry"), we express "being thirsty" by saying "to have thirst", or *tener sed.*

Question 85

# Translate to Spanish. _I'm_ very _embarrassed_!

Answer 85

¡_Tengo_ mucha _vergüenza_! ## Footnote to be embarassed - *tener vergüenza, (literally, to have shame)*. Be careful not to confuse this with *embarazada*, which means "pregnant"!

Question 86

# Translate to Spanish. _We_ do not _have_ cousins that live in Mexico

Answer 86

No tenemos primos que viven en México ## Footnote we have - *tenemos*

Question 87

# Translate to Spanish. _You_ (uds) _have_ a lot of books in Spanish

Answer 87

_Ustedes tienen_ muchos libros en español ## Footnote you (uds) have - *tienen*

Question 88

# Translate to Spanish. _You_ (vosotros) _are_ very _thirsty_

Answer 88

_Vosotros tenéis_ mucha sed ## Footnote you (vosotros) have - *tenéis*

Question 89

# Translate to Spanish. _Carlos and Liliana have_ a big family

Answer 89

_Carlos y Liliana tienen_ una familia grande ## Footnote they have - *tienen*

Question 90

# Translate to Spanish. They have to walk more quickly because we _are in a hurry_

Answer 90

Tienen que caminar más rápido porque _tenemos prisa_ ## Footnote to be in a hurry - *tener prisa*. Note that *tener prisa* literally translates as "to have hurry"

Question 91

# Translate to Spanish. TO HAVE * I have * You have * He/She has * We have * You have * They have

Answer 91

TENER * Yo ten**go** * Tú **tien**es * Él/Ella/Ud **tien**e * Nosotros tenemos * Vosotros tenéis * Ellos/Ellas/Uds **tien**en

Question 92

# Translate to Spanish. _How many_ cousins (fem) do you have?

Answer 92

¿_Cuántas_ primas tienes? ## Footnote how many? - *¿cuántos?*. Note that if the object is non-quantifiable, you would say *cuánto*, which translates as "How much?" (e.g. "How much money is there? - *¿Cuánto dinero hay?*)

Question 93

# Translate to Spanish. How old are you? _I am twenty-five years old_

Answer 93

¿Cuántos años tienes? _Tengo veinticinco años_ ## Footnote I am __ years old - *tengo __ años*. Note that the literal translation is "I have twenty five years"

Question 94

# Translate to Spanish. My uncle and I _have to_ sell my grandfather's house

Answer 94

Mi tío y yo _tenemos que_ vender la casa de mi abuelo ## Footnote to have to - *tener que*. Note that after *tener que* you must use an infinitive

Question 95

# Translate to Spanish. I have to study because I have a _test_

Answer 95

Tengo que estudiar porque tengo una _prueba_ ## Footnote test - *el exámen, la prueba*. Note that the usage of *examen* and *prueba* to mean "test" differs by region

Question 96

# Translate to Spanish. My sister and I are not _scared_

Answer 96

Mi hermana y yo no tenemos _miedo_ ## Footnote fear - *el miedo*. Note that "to be scared" is translated *tener miedo*, or "to have fear"

Question 97

# Translate to Spanish. Is your grandmother very _cold_?

Answer 97

¿Tiene mucho _frío_ tu abuela? ## Footnote cold - *el frío*. "To be cold" is translated as *tener frío*, or "to have coldness"

Question 98

# Translate to Spanish. Are you very _hot_?

Answer 98

¿Tienes mucho _calor_? ## Footnote heat - *el calor*. "To be hot" is translated as *tener calor*, or "to have heat". Be careful not to use the adjective *caliente* ("hot") to describe a person, since it can mean "horny"!

Question 99

# Translate to Spanish. Mariana has to _help_ her mom every day

Answer 99

Mariana tiene que _ayudar_ a su mamá todos los días ## Footnote to help - *ayudar*

Question 100

# Translate to Spanish. Rodrigo has to _accompany_ his younger brother to school

Answer 100

Rodrigo tiene que _acompañar a_ su hermano menor a la escuela ## Footnote to accompany, to go with - *acompañar*

Question 101

# Translate to Spanish. My _little cousin_ (f.) is blonde

Answer 101

Mi _primita_ es rubia ## Footnote diminuitive - *ito, -ita*. Note that you form a diminuitive by adding *-ito* or *-ita* at the end of a noun or adjective ending in *-o* or *-a*. So, *primo* becomes *primito*

Question 102

# Translate to Spanish. Is the baby _very tiny_?

Answer 102

¿Es _pequeñita_ la bebé? ## Footnote Note that adjectives can be made diminutive as well as nouns. *Muy pequeño* becomes *pequeñito*

Question 103

# Translate to Spanish. I am going to visit my _dear grandmother_

Answer 103

Voy a visitar a mi _abuelita_ ## Footnote Note that we may use the diminutive ending -*ita/-ito* to connote affection. This does not necessarily mean that my grandmother is tiny!

Question 104

# Translate to Spanish. My grandson is not drinking _coffee_

Answer 104

Mi nieto no está tomando _café_ ## Footnote coffee - *el café*

Question 105

# Translate to Spanish. Are you drinking _tea_?

Answer 105

¿Estás tomando _té_? ## Footnote tea - *el té*

Question 106

# Translate to Spanish. Pedro's uncle is drinking a _little coffee_

Answer 106

El tío de Pedro está tomando un _cafecito_ ## Footnote diminuitive- cito, cita. Note that you form a diminuitive by adding -*cito* or -*cita* at the end of a noun or adjective ending in *-e* or in a consonant. Diminuitives are often used in Spanish-speaking cultures and there are other suffixes, but -*ito, -ita, -cito*, and *-cita* are most common

Question 107

# Translate to Spanish. My _mother_ is happy because she is on vacation

Answer 107

Mi _madre_ está contenta porque está de vacaciones ## Footnote mother - *la madre, la mamá*. Note that *mamá* translates as "mom" and is a more affectionate way of saying *madre*

Question 108

# Translate to Spanish. My aunt is _pregnant_

Answer 108

Mi tía está _embarazada_ ## Footnote pregnant - *embarazada*