1.4 Lesson

Question 1

Translate to Spanish.

to be

(for transitory situations)

Answer 1

estar

to be - estar. Note that while ser is used to describe a state of permanence (e.g. Soy mujer), estar is used to describe transitory situations (e.g. Estoy feliz)

Question 2

Translate to Spanish.

Are you close to the building?

Answer 2

¿Estás cerca del edificio?

you are - estás. Estás (“you are”) is derived from the irregular verb estar (“to be”)

Question 3

Translate to Spanish.

How are you?

Answer 3

¿Cómo estás?

how? -¿cómo?. The phrase ¿Qué tal? is also sometimes used to mean “How are you?”. (The word tal by itself means “such”)

Question 4

Translate to Spanish.

You are sad

Answer 4

Tú estás triste

sad - triste

Question 5

Translate to Spanish.

I am not sad

Answer 5

Yo no estoy triste

I am - estoy. Note how estar is used in this situation, rather than ser, since your state of being sad is transitory and not permanent

Question 6

Translate to Spanish.

I am at home

Answer 6

Yo estoy en casa

at home - en casa

Question 7

Translate to Spanish.

I am tired

Answer 7

Yo estoy cansado

tired - cansado

Question 8

Translate to Spanish.

She is tired

Answer 8

Ella está cansada

he/she is - está

Question 9

Translate to Spanish.

He is happy

Answer 9

Él está contento/feliz

happy - contento, feliz. Feliz is generally used to describe a greater degree of joy than contento.

Question 10

Translate to Spanish.

You (ud) are sick

Answer 10

Usted está enfermo

sick - enfermo

Question 11

Translate to Spanish.

We are not sick

Answer 11

Nosotros no estamos enfermos

we are - estamos

Question 12

Translate to Spanish.

They are happy

Answer 12

Ellos están contentos

they are - están

Question 13

Translate to Spanish.

They (fem) are awake

Answer 13

Ellas están despiertas

awake - despierto

Question 14

Translate to Spanish.

You (uds) are busy

Answer 14

Ustedes están ocupados

busy - ocupado

Question 15

Translate to Spanish.

You (vosotras) are not awake

Answer 15

Vosotras no estáis despiertas

you (vosotros) are - estáis. Note that like nosotras, vosotras is the feminine version of the pronoun

Question 16

Translate to Spanish.

TO BE (estar)

• I am
• You are
• He/She is
• We are
• You are
• They are

Answer 16

ESTAR

• Yo estoy
• Tú estás
• Él/Ella/Ud está
• Nosotros estamos
• Vosotros estáis
• Ellos/Ellas/Uds están

Question 17

What are the uses of the verb ser?

Answer 17

• place of origin, nationality
• occupation
• possession
• inherent and essential qualities
• religious or political affiliation
• the material something is made of
• the hour, date, and day
• where an event is taking place

Question 18

What are the uses of the verb estar?

Answer 18

• a state or condition when used with adjectives
• geographic locations
• progressive tenses
• many idiomatic expressions

Question 19

Translate to Spanish.

Rafa and Miguel are clever students

Answer 19

Rafa y Miguel son estudiantes listos

clever - listo

Question 20

Translate to Spanish.

Is Julio still teaching at the same school?

Answer 20

¿Todavía está enseñando Julio en la misma escuela?

still - todavía

Question 21

Translate to Spanish.

Clara is busy; she’s not ready

Answer 21

Clara está ocupada; no está lista

ready - listo. Note that when used with ser, listo means “clever”. When used with estar, it means “ready”

Question 22

Translate to Spanish.

The building is not safe

Answer 22

El edificio no es seguro

safe - seguro

Question 23

Translate to Spanish.

I am sure that Monica is awake

Answer 23

Estoy seguro de que Monica está despierta

sure - seguro. Note that when used with ser, seguro means “safe.” When used with estar, it means “sure” and it must match the gender of the person who is “sure”

Question 24

Translate to Spanish.

She is very tired because she runs every day

Answer 24

Ella está muy cansada porque corre todos los días

because - porque

Question 25

# Translate to Spanish. Rodrigo is _weak_ because he is sick

Answer 25

Rodrigo está _débil_ porque está enfermo ## Footnote weak - *débil*

Question 26

# Translate to Spanish. Roberto and I are _dizzy_ because we are sick

Answer 26

Roberto y yo estamos _mareados_ porque estamos enfermos ## Footnote dizzy - *mareado*

Question 27

# Translate to Spanish. I am _bored_

Answer 27

Estoy _aburrido_ ## Footnote bored - *aburrido*

Question 28

# Translate to Spanish. Marta is _bored of_ reading

Answer 28

Marta está _aburrida de_ leer ## Footnote verb + of - *verbo + de*. Note that in Spanish you use the infinitive form of the verb when the verb is preceded by a conjugated verb

Question 29

# Translate to Spanish. Mariana and Rafael are bored from _so much_ studying

Answer 29

Mariana y Rafael están aburridos de _tanto_ estudiar ## Footnote so much - *tanto*

Question 30

# Translate to Spanish. He _is boring_

Answer 30

Él _es aburrido_ ## Footnote Note that by using *ser* rather than *estar*, we can change the word "bored" to mean "boring." *Ser* denotes the permanent characteristic that he is a boring person.

Question 31

# Translate to Spanish. You (ud) are very _embarrassed_

Answer 31

Usted está muy _avergonzado_ ## Footnote embarrassed - *avergonzado*

Question 32

# Translate to Spanish. You (vosotros) are _jealous_

Answer 32

Vosotros estáis _celosos_ ## Footnote jealous - *celoso*

Question 33

# Translate to Spanish. The student is _angry_ with the teacher (fem.)

Answer 33

El estudiante está _enojado_ con la maestra ## Footnote angry - *enojado*

Question 34

# Translate to Spanish. All of the _students_ are _happy_ to go to the university

Answer 34

Todos los estudiantes están _felices_ de ir a la universidad ## Footnote Note that the plural of *feliz* is *felices*. When forming the plural for nouns ending in *-z*, you must always change the *z* to a *c*

Question 35

# Translate to Spanish. Paloma is sick, _so_ she does not eat a lot

Answer 35

Paloma está enferma, _entonces_ no come mucho ## Footnote so, then - *entonces*

Question 36

# Translate to Spanish. What is this _thing_?

Answer 36

¿Qué es esta _cosa_? ## Footnote thing - *la cosa*

Question 37

# Translate to Spanish. Carlos never goes to class, so the teacher is _annoyed_

Answer 37

Carlos nunca va a clase, entonces la maestra está _molesta_ ## Footnote annoyed - *molesto*

Question 38

# Translate to Spanish. We do not study, so we are _worried_

Answer 38

Nosotros no estudiamos, entonces estamos _preocupados_ ## Footnote worried - *preocupado*

Question 39

# Translate to Spanish. * Who? * What? * Which? * When? * How? * How many? * How much? * Where?

Answer 39

* Who? - **¿Quién?** * What? - **¿Qué?** * Which? - **¿Cuál?** * When? - **¿Cuándo?** * How? - **¿Cómo?** * How many? - **¿Cuántos?** * How much? - **¿Cuánto?** * Where? - **¿Dónde?**

Question 40

# Translate to Spanish. I'm _not_ ready _yet_

Answer 40

_Todavía no_ estoy listo ## Footnote not yet - *todavía no*. Do not confuse this with *ya no*, which means "not anymore"