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Year 2 Environmental > 16. Evaluating Policy > Flashcards

16. Evaluating Policy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the EU policy that effects beaches in Europe?

A

Bathing Waters Directive

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2
Q

What is a policy

A

Political wisdom, course of action adopted by government, set of principles used to guide decision making

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3
Q

What is the most important connection in policy?

A

Social and environmental

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4
Q

What may policies apply to

A

government private sector

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5
Q

What are policies normally agreggated to?

A

The higher scale, not the individual

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6
Q

What can policy development be seen as

A

A stage model, can be broken down, chronological pattern

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7
Q

What determins how good a policy actually is?

A

Implementation stage, the acid bath

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8
Q

What gives the chance for policy refinement

A

monitoring evaluation

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9
Q

What is implementation deficit

A

why does it not meet all the goals that were meant for it

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10
Q

Who came up with the implementation deficit

A

Pressman and Willdowsky, looked at a federal programme to regenerate oakland and san francisco

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11
Q

What is top down implementation

A

implementation is about getting the administrative issues right, ticking them off, assumes clear goals that are understood by all the parties, delivery of policy considered to be most effective with few actors involved. maybe only 3, short delivery chains, if any of the actors need time or resource will be granted, assumes policy will be favourably by all those who are involved

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12
Q

What is Bottom Up Implementation

A

Not focussed on administration, interested on what actually happens on the ground, flexibility at the local level is all important, autonomy over rescourses good time scales expertise, consensus with the local groups is positive, local level circumstances

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13
Q

What is Multi Level bargaining model Implementation

A

Starting point for a discussion, ongoing dialogue between government and stakeholders, interests are quite partizan, quite fractured, split up, in sharp contrast, policy is open, how do those atributes apply to the case study

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14
Q

What is Social Learning Implementaiton

A

Idea of negotiation, policy is only the starting point, like a template, discussion is about new information as the policy is implemented, what stake holders want from a policy also changes. Should be tracking over time, chaning circumstances of actors

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15
Q

What is different with EU policy making

A

Has multiple institutions, commission drafting policy from ministers, between the 2 is the parliament. Has a function to scrutinise proposals that are put forward

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16
Q

Who proses legislation in the EU

A

Commission

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17
Q

What is uploading

A

member countries giving their own views or policies

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18
Q

How is policymaking funded

A

mainly from the EU and the Member states, about 50-50

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19
Q

When was the bathing waters dirctive started

A

1976

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20
Q

What was the aim of the BWD

A

To protect the environmental and public health by raising and maintaining the quality of bathing water over time

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21
Q

Who had to define what were bathing waters

A

the member states

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22
Q

What where the qualities that bathing waters had to adhere by?

A

Microbiological, Chemical and physical

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23
Q

What did the UK have at the time the policy was meant to happen

A

Highly developed national framework, not strong with bathing waters

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24
Q

What was the problem with bathing waters legislation

A

they thought that if it isn’t visibly dirty it will be fine

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25
Q

Why did the UK not want to take any action

A

strong tidal flows would dissipate tidal flow

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26
Q

How much investment was needed by 2006

A

39billion

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27
Q

What did the UK start to do due to the derivative

A

act slowly, only propsed 27 bathing areas, luxembourg was 39

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28
Q

What happens to the issue as the time moves on

A

NGOs and charities fight against the government

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29
Q

What can a policy be seen as?

A

A Poliical strategy

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30
Q

How does Roberts define policy?

A

Set of principles used guide decision making

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31
Q

What are public policies

A

May apply to government private sector organisations and groups

32
Q

What percentage of the EU achieves excellent for bathing water quality?

A

85%

33
Q

Which country has the worst score for excellent beaches in the EU

A

Bulgaria

34
Q

What is the UK excellent bathing water score

A

61.4

35
Q

Who decides what a bathing water is?

A

The member state themselves

36
Q

What is the social aim of bathing waters,

A

Norm setting

37
Q

What was one of the reasons for the uk lack of interest in the EU bathing water la directive

A

Money

38
Q

What was the difference in French beaches

A

Massive tourism hotspot, they cared about them

39
Q

What is the often shortfalls with policies

A

They do not meet their intended goals

40
Q

Why can the structure to the EC lead to deficits in policy

A

The lack of vested interest, weak investigation powers, and high compliance costs

41
Q

Who was the lead state in the BD

A

France

42
Q

What parameters must countries face to meet the BD

A

Physical, chemical and microbiological factors

43
Q

What two levels of control does the bathing initiative dictate

A

Maniditory (imperative) or guide

44
Q

Who was Britain’s chief bathing waters expert at the time

A

Brendan Moore

45
Q

How does van horn describe top down implementation

A

Implementation that focuses solely with the outputs and how they match the intentions

46
Q

What was the policy before the directive for disposing of sewerage water

A

Into the sea near sea side towns

47
Q

What did the Uk think of the sea

A

Could take endless amount of sewerage

48
Q

In the uk who had been responsible in deciding how sewage was disposed of

A

Local administrators instead of a larger organisation

49
Q

How did scientists describe the water to beginning safe?

A

Until it visibly wasn’t, lots of unnoticeable damage being done

50
Q

What was set up to reduce pollution to the sea in the uk?

A

The coastal anti pollution league

51
Q

What is temporal about implementation as social learning?

A

Implementation will reformulate as the policy itself is carried out (wildavsky)

52
Q

What are important traits in social learning?

A

Knowledge and understanding in guiding the policy

53
Q

In social learning how are fundamental changes in policy caused

A

Exogenous factors like economic conditions or change in opinion (Jordan)

54
Q

Which policy scene is ongoing debate between. Policy makers and implementors who both have their own agenda (Barrett and Fudge, 1981)

A

Multi level bargaining

55
Q

Which section of the EU often takes part in multi level bargaining?

A

The European Commission

56
Q

What were the three reasons for growing political concern for the BWD?

A

Number of people using the coastline grew while non biodegradable content also rose, practical implementation of the data began to yield EU said that the uk was damaging it self, formal infringement processing took place from friends of the earth which brought more environmental pressure

57
Q

In the UK in 2018 how many bathing waters met the minimum standard of the BWD

A

97.9%

58
Q

How many bathing waters in England were classified as poor and failed the minimum standard?

A

9 (2.1%)

59
Q

Name some uk beaches that got poor for bathing water quality?

A

Burnham north, Combe Martin, ilfracombe

60
Q

Name some beaches that scored excellent in the BWD in england?

A

Porthtowan chapel porth, godrevey (gov.uk)

61
Q

What did the government announce in 1989 with the BWD that cost 1.1 billion

A

Clean up programme

62
Q

How much more coastline does uk have compared to France?

A

Over twice as much

63
Q

In France who is in charge at looking after bathing waters at the local level

A

Mayor

64
Q

How many bathing waters have been identified in France?

A

3500

65
Q

What has been the impact to water governing in uk

A

Loss of public confidence

66
Q

What has been the main negative of the France water management

A

Under greater long term threat

67
Q

Why is the negative side of French water management?

A

Very fragmentmented into communes, hard to manage on a large scale

68
Q

What did the bathing water directive become law in Portugal?

A

1998 (mansilha et al)

69
Q

What does the BWD often lead to?

A

Higher levels of water quality

70
Q

What is the primary aim of the BWD

A

Improving public health

71
Q

What are time two most important factors in the water sector?

A

Cost and environmental damage (Maloney)

72
Q

What is privatisation associated with?

A

Neo liberalism, de regulation and free market governance

73
Q

What does mazman and sabatier say about policy making?

A

Policy does more than shape the design, it can encourage or discourage the participation of outside actors

74
Q

What is a directive

A

time scale and means largely at states discresion

75
Q

Who was the main uploading force of the BWD

A

France

Year 2 Environmental (11 decks)

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