16

Question 1

Symbiosis can consist of? 3•

Answer 1

•Mutualism
•Commensalism
•Parasitism

Question 2

Obligate (primary) symbiosis?

Answer 2

One or other species requires the other for survival

Question 3

Facultative (secondary) symbiosis?

Answer 3

Relationship is not necessary for either species survival, but may provide context-dependent benefits or costs.

Question 4

Vertical transmission?

Answer 4

Microbes are passed directly from mother to offspring.

Question 5

Horizontal transmission?

Answer 5

Microbes may be passed from other individuals from the environment

Question 6

Peptidoglycan around the water initiates what to the bobtail squid?

Answer 6

Mucus secretion since it indicates bacteria in the water.

Question 7

!!!How does bacteria from the water enter the light organs in bobtail squids?

Question 8

Traits shared among insect symbionts?

Answer 8

•Fast rates of evolution compared to relatives
•Often intracellular

Question 9

In aphids, their nutritional symbiotic in phloem sap and aphid protein constitutes to what percentage of amino acids obtained?

Answer 9

5-15%, 50%

Question 10

Would obligate symbionts survive outside of their host?

Answer 10

No, they won’t

Question 11

!!!Selective curing?

Question 12

If you do not have symbiotic, aphids die from?

Answer 12

Parasitism.

Question 13

Can you have one way obligate nature?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Often when taking about facultative symbiosis, how many players could there be?

Answer 14

More than two, there could be a whole pool of microbes.