2- Heuristics and Biases Flashcards
What do heuristics help us to do?
Bypass an overwhelming amount of information and help avoid information overload
What do heuristics/cognitive shortcuts provide?
Adequately accurate inferences for most of us most of the time
What are heuristics?
Time-saving mental processes that reduce complex judgements
What is a representative heuristic?
A strategy for making judgements based on the extent that current stimuli or events resemble other stimuli
What is the availability heuristic?
A strategy for making judgements based on how easily specific kinds of information can be brought to mind
What is an anchoring heuristic?
A tendency to use a number or value as a starting point and then make adjustments
Do heuristics always work properly?
No
What do heuristics tend to ignore?
Sample size
What is the regression to the mean effect?
Tendency for initial observations to be more extreme than subsequent
What is the effect of illusory correlation?
Create or overestimate the degree of correlation between two variables
What kind of errors do we make?
Predictable ones
What are we able to do for more important events?
We are able to consciously process information and make informed decisions
What did Brewer come up with?
The dual process theory
What two approaches does the dual process theory suggest are used when forming impressions of others?
Either a heuristic or systematic approach
What model did Fiske and Neuberg propose?
Continuum model
