15. NERVOUS, COORDINATION & MUSCLE Flashcards
Name the two systems involved in coordination in animals.
Nervous system and Endocrine system.
Compare how each coordination system communicates
Nervous system - communicates by electrical impulses.
Endocrine system - communicates by hormones.
Compare transmission in both coordination systems
Nervous system - through neurones.
Endocrine system - through the bloodstream
Compare speed of transmission in both coordination systems
Nervous system - fast.
Endocrine system - slow
Compare which parts of the body each coordination system travels to
Nervous system - impulses only travel to specific parts of the body.
Endocrine system - travel to all parts of the body.
Compare the speed of responses in both coordination systems
Nervous system - Fast responses.
Endocrine system - Slow responses.
Compare how long-lasting the responses are in both coordination systems
Nervous system - short-lived responses
Endocrine system - long-lasting responses
Compare whether the responses are widespread or localised in each coordination system
Nervous system - localised responses.
Endocrine system - widespread responses
In which coordination system are the effects usually temporary and reversible?
Nervous system
In which coordination system are the effects usually permanent and irreversible?
Endocrine system
Name the structures the make up a mammalian neurone
A cell body, dendrons, an axon, a myelin sheath (made of schwann cells), and nodes of Ranvier.
What does the cell body contain?
Organelles including a nucleus and lots of of RER and Golgi Apparatus
Why does the cell body contain a large amount of RER?
For the production of neurotransmitters (proteins).
Why does the cell body contain a large amount of Golgi Apparatus?
To pack and transport neurotransmitter
Describe the function of dendrites
Transmit electrical impulses towards the cell body.
Describe the function of the axon
Transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body.
State what Schwann cells are.
They wrap themselves around the neurone many times to form the myelin sheath
State the function of the myelin sheath.
Provides electrical insulation to increase the speed of electrical impulse transmission
What are nodes of Ranvier?
Gaps between Schwann cells (where there are no myelin sheath)
Name 3 types of neurones.
Sensory, Motor and Intermediate (Relay) neurones.
State the function of a sensory neurone.
Transmit electrical impulses from a receptor to an intermediate neurone.
State the function of a motor neurone.
Transmit electrical impulses from an intermediate neurone to an effector.
State the function of the intermediate neurone.
Transmit impulses from sensory to motor neurones.
Name the two main effectors.
Muscles and glands.