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Musculoskeletal System > 15. Innervation of the Upper and Lower Limbs (HARC) > Flashcards

15. Innervation of the Upper and Lower Limbs (HARC) Flashcards

1
Q

the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM consists of:

A

the BRAIN, BRAIN STEM, SPINAL CORD

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2
Q

the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM consists of:

A

all the NEURAL TISSUES

EXCEPT brain, brain stem, spinal cord

12 Cranial Nerves
31 Spinal Nerves

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3
Q

FUNCTION of the CNS

A

Integrating, Processing, Coordinating SENSORY DATA and MOTOR COMMAND

brain: higher functions such as Intelligence, Memory, Learning, Emotion

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4
Q

FUNCTION of PNS

A

DELIVERS SENSORY INFORMATION to the CNS

CARRIES MOTOR DEMANDS to the PERIPHERAL TISSUES and SYSTEMS

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5
Q

PNS functionally divided into

A

AFFERENT (RECEPTORS to CNS)
EFFERENT (CNS to EFFECTORS - muscles and glands)

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6
Q

DORSAL ROOT from spinal cord has which function

A

SENSORY

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7
Q

VENTRAL ROOT from spinal cord has which function

A

MOTOR

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8
Q

what is found on DORSAL ROOT

A

DORSAL ROOT GANGLION

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9
Q

what does the SPINAL NERVE (mixed) split into and where does each one go to supply

A

DORSAL RAMUS - BACK
VENTRAL RAMUS - LATERAL & ANTERIOR

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10
Q

a MYOTOME can be defined in 3 different ways:

A
  • a single spinal nerve supplying a SINGLE MUSCLE
  • a single spinal nerve supplying a GROUP OF MUSCLES
  • a single spinal nerve supplying a PORTION OF A MUSCLE
    (comes from EMBRYOLOGY. Myotome supplied by single spinal nerve can divide. division supplied by same spinal nerve. myotome fuses with other myotomes. therefore multiple spinal nerves can supply a single muscle)
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11
Q

Golden RULE of anatomy :

A

when a MUSCLE MIGRATES, it BRINGS its NERVE SUPPLY WITH IT

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12
Q

categories of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

ROOTS
TRUNKS
DIVISIONS
CORDS
TERMINAL NERVES

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13
Q

ROOTS of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

C5
C6
C7
C8
T1

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14
Q

CORDS of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

LATERAL
POSTERIOR
MEDIAL

NAMED in relation to how they surround the AXILLARY ARTERY

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15
Q

TERMINAL NERVES of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS (C5,C6,C7)

MEDIAL NERVE (C6,C7,C8,T1)

RADIAL NERVE (C5,C6,C7,C8,T1)

ULNAR NERVE (C7,C8,T1)

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16
Q

where does the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE SUPPLY

A

ANTERIOR compartment of the UPPER ARM

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17
Q

the RADIAL NERVE is MOTOR to the muscles in which arm & forearm compartment

A

POSTERIOR

  • extensor muscles
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18
Q

RADIAL NERVE emerges to posterior side through the..

A

INTERVAL TRIANGLE

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19
Q

BORDERS of the INTERVAL TRIANGLE that the RADIAL NERVE emerges through

A

TERES MAJOR

LONG head of TRICEPS

HUMERUS

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20
Q

when does the RADIAL NERVE move back ANTERIOR and what happens here

A

at the LATERAL EPICONDYLE

on ANTERIOR side, radial nerve DIVIDES into:
- DEEP BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE
- SUPERFICIAL BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE

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21
Q

is the SUPERFICIAL BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE (anterior) motor or sensory

A

SENSORY

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22
Q

where is the SUPERFICIAL BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE (anterior)

A

BENEATH the BRACHIORADIALIS

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23
Q

what happens to the DEEP BRANCH of the RADIAL NERVE (anterior)

A

goes BETWEEN the 2 heads of the SUPINATOR and emerges back to POSTERIOR

24
Q

ULNAR NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles in the FOREARM

A

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
MEDIAL HALF of the FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS

25
Q

in the HAND the ULNAR NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

A

all INTRINSIC MUSCLES

EXCEPT the thenar muscles

26
Q

when you hit your MEDIAL EPICONDYLE which NERVE is hit

A

ULNAR NERVE

27
Q

MEDIAN NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles in the forearm

A

all muscles in ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
- except flexor carpi ulnaris & medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)

28
Q

MEDIAN NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles in the HAND

A

THENAR MUSCLES

29
Q

TESING INJURY to RADIAL NERVE

If injury occurs in arm when nerve is in the RADIAL GROOVE (usually humeral break):

A
  • WEAKNESS of TRICEPS BRACHII as medial head of triceps affected
  • Characteristic WRIST DROP – EXTENSOR CARPI muscles are paralysed and therefore cant counteract flexor carpi muscles
  • INABILITY to EXTEND MATACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS and thumb
30
Q

TESING INJURY to RADIAL NERVE

If injury occurs in FOREARM and affects the DEEP BRANCH of the radial nerve

A
  • INABILITY to EXTEND MATACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS
31
Q

TESTING INJURY to ULNAR NERVE

usually when FRACTURE MEDIAL EPICONDYLE:

A
  • LOSS of POWER in WRIST ADDUCTION. During FLEXION on the WRIST the hand will be drawn to the LATERAL side due by flexor carpi radialis
  • AFFECTS INTRINSIC MUSCLES of hand - UNABLE TO MAKE A FIST (cannot oppose the thumb). extended MCP joints and flexion of the digits 2 and 3. Person will also be UNABLE to ADDUCT and ABDUCT the DIGITS
  • PARATHESIA of the MEDIAL part of the HAND
32
Q

TESTING INJURY to the MEDIAN NERVE

when SEVERED IN ELBOW FLEXION:

A
  • DIFFICULTY FLEXING the INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS (except the 4th and 5th digits which are supplied by the
    medial part of flexor digitorum profundus - ulnar nerve)
  • CANT FLEX 2nd and 3RD DIGITS
33
Q

TESTING INJURY to the MEDIAN NERVE

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

A
  • LOSS OF SENSATION on the lateral 3 and a half digits. Palm unaffected
  • DIFFICULT to OPPOSE THUMB due to thenar muscles being affected
34
Q

the LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS is formed from which VENTRAL RAMI

A

L1-S4

35
Q

the LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS gives rise to which nerves

A
  • FEMORAL NERVE (anterior)
  • OBTURATOR NERVE (medial)
  • SCIATIC NERVE (posterior)
36
Q

OBTURATOR NERVE is in which compartment of the thigh

A

MEDIAL

37
Q

where can you see the OBTURATOR NERVE

A

running down medial side of PSOAS MAJOR

goes THROUGH OBTURATOR FORMAEN & emerges into MEDIAL compartment

38
Q

OBTURATOR NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

A

ADDUCTOR MUSCLES of the HIP:

PECTINEUS
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
GRACILIS

39
Q

OBTURATOR NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

A

ADDUCTOR MUSCLES of the HIP:

PECTINEUS
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
GRACILIS

40
Q

FEMORAL NERVE supplies which compartment of the thigh

A

ANTERIOR

41
Q

FEMORAL NERVE can be found where

A

LATERAL border of the PSOAS MAJOR

goes deep to Inguinal ligament
deep to Sartorius of thigh

42
Q

FEMORAL NERVE enters the..

A

FEMORAL TRIANGLE
(bound by inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus)

43
Q

FEMORAL NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

A

QUADRACEPS:
Rectus Femoris, Vectus Lateralis, Vectus Intermedialis, Vectus Medialis

SARTORIUS

44
Q

FEMORAL NERVE passes into the leg.
name one of the nerves it branches into.
which area is supplied

A

GREAT SAPHENOUS NERVE
SUPPLIES MEDIAL PART of the leg

45
Q

which compartment of the THIGH does the SCIATIC NERVE SUPPLY

A

POSTERIOR compartment

46
Q

which area of the LEG does the SCIATIC NERVE SUPPLY

A

LATERAL

47
Q

where does the SCIATIC NERVE emerge into the POSTERIOR compartment

A

at LATERAL border of the PIRIFORMIS

48
Q

SCIATIC NERVE is MOTOR to which muscles

A

HAMSTRINGS : BICEPS FEMORIS, SEMI-TENDINOSIS, SEMI-MEMBRANOSIS

& LATERAL LEG

49
Q

distally the SCIATIC NERVE DIVIDES into:

A

TIBIAL NERVE
COMMON FIULAR NERVE

50
Q

where is a safe place to INJECT the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS muscle, so as not to hit SCIATIC NERVE

A

UPPER LATERAL QUADRANT

51
Q

GREAT SAPHENOUS NERVE is a branch of which NERVE

& for which area

A

FEMORAL NERVE

  • for MEDIAL LEG
52
Q

COMMON FIBULAR NERVE is a branch of which nerve & for which area

A

SCIATIC NERVE

for LATERAL leg

53
Q

TIBIAL NERVE is a branch of which nerve & for which area

A

SCIATIC NERVE

for LATERAL LEG

54
Q

which nerve is a continuation of the FEMORAL NERVE

A

SAPHENOUS

55
Q

which nerve runs alongside the SHORT SAPHENOUS VEIN

A

SURAL NERVE

56
Q

which MUSCLES does the MUCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE innervate

A
  • BICEPS BRACHII
  • BRACHIALIS
  • CORACOBRACHIALIS

(BBC)

(anterior)

57
Q

BICEPS BRACHII is INNVERVATED by which nerve

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS

Musculoskeletal System (18 decks)

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