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Musculoskeletal System > 03: Upper limb I- Shoulder to elbow (HARC) > Flashcards

03: Upper limb I- Shoulder to elbow (HARC) Flashcards

1
Q

PECTORAL GIRDLE includes which 2 BONES

A

CLAVICLE (collar bone)
SCAPULA

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2
Q

parts of SCAPULA

A

sticking out:
ACROMION (articulates with clavicle)
CORACOID PROCESS

SCAPULA FOSSA (directly lying against ribs)

GLENOID FOSSA (articulates with head of humerus)

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3
Q

2 ENDS of CLAVICLE
(attaches to STERNUM:
articulates with ACROMIAN of SCAPULA)

A

STERNAL END (attaches to STERNUM)
ACROMIAL END (articulates with ACROMIAN on SCAPULA)

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4
Q

parts at TOP of HUMERUS (superior)

A

HEAD

2 bumps:
GREATER TUBERCLE (laterally)
LESSER TUBERCLE (anteriorly)

groove between 2 bumps:
INTERTUBERCULAR SULCUS

SURGICAL NECK (in some bone, weakest and so most commonly fractured)

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5
Q

parts at bottom of HUMERUS (Inferior)

articulates with head of RADIUS:
articulates with head of ULNA:
coronoid process of ULNA slots in:
2 bumps:

A

CAPITULUM - articulates with head of RADIUS
TROCHLEA - articulates with head of ULNA

CORONOID FOSSA - coronoid process of ULNA slots in (flex elbow) (anteriorly)

2 bumps:
MEDIAL EPICONDYLE
LATERAL EPICONDYLE
(attach muscles & ligaments)

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6
Q

SPINE OF SCAPULA DIVIDES POSTERIOR SURFACE of SCAPULA in 2 parts:

A
  • SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA
  • INFRASPINOUS FOSSA
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7
Q

FOSSA on POSTERIOR view of HUMERAS that OLECRATION PROCESS of ULNA fits into when elbow EXTENDED

A

OLECRANON FOSSA

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8
Q

what type of joint is the GLENOHUMERAL JOINT (SHOULDER JOINT)

A

SYNOVIAL

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9
Q

relationship between JOINT MOVEMENT and STABILITY

A

MORE MOVEMENT = LESS STABLE

LESS MOVEMENT = MORE STABLE

EXTREME MOBILITY in SHOULDER so LOW STABILITY (most dislocated)

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10
Q

ABDUCTION OF ARM
FIRST 120 degrees by:
LAST 60 degrees by:

A

FIRST 120 degrees by:
HUMERUS ROTATING in the GLENOID FOSSA

LAST 60 degrees by:
ROTATION of SCAPULA

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11
Q

4 LIGAMENTS of GLENOHUMERAL (shoulder) JOINT CAPSULE

A

CORACOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

SUPERIOR GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

MIDDLE GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

INFERIOR GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT

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12
Q

sticking out of GLENOHUMERAL (shoulder) JOINT CAPSULE:

A

REDUNDANT CAPSULE

allows ‘give’ for abduction

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13
Q

unique part of GLENOHUMERAL (shoulder) JOINT CAPSULE

A

TENDON of LONG HEAD of BICEPS BRACHII

pierces joint capsule and goes inside joint

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14
Q

what is the ROTATOR CUFF
and what does it do

A

GROUP OF MUSCLES whose
TENDONS SURROUND the GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

As well as providing MOVEMENT to the upper limb
these muscles STRENGHTEN the JOINT

These muscles are; Subscapularis,
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres minor

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15
Q

4 ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES and what do they allow

A

posterior view:
SUPRASPINATUS
- INITIATION of ABDUCTION
(inserts onto greater tubercle)

INFRASPINATUS
- LATERAL ROTATION of humerus
(attach on greater tubercle)

TERES MINOR
-LATERAL ROTATION of humerus
(attach on greater tubercle)

anterior view:
SUBSCAPULARIS
- MEDIAL ROTATION of humerus
(attaches to lesser tubercle)

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16
Q

ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES

A
  • Common in people who continuously use the arms above the horizontal – throwing, racquet sports, swimming, weightlifting
  • Can lead to INFLAMMATION and a result tear in the cuff especially the supraspinatus tendon
  • Can test for injuries by asking a patient to adduct their arm slowly – if the arm suddenly drops to their side at 90o it is likely they have injured their rotator
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17
Q

MUSCLES of the UPPER LIMB:

A

DELTOID
PECTORALIS MAJOR
TRAPEZIUS

deeper & anterior:
PECTORALIS MINOR

anterior:
SERRATUS ANTERIOR

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18
Q

what does the DELTOID allow in ARM MOVEMENT

A

ABDUCTION

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19
Q

what does the PECTORALIS MAJOR allow in ARM MOVEMENT (3)

A

ADDUCTION

also
MEDIALLY ROTATES HUMERUS

EXTENDS FLEXED ARM

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20
Q

name of GROOVE between DELTOID and PECTORALIS MAJOR

A

DELTOPECTORAL GROOVE

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21
Q

what MOVEMENTS does TRAPEZIUS allow

A
  • ELEVATION of SCAPULA
  • ROTATION of SCAPULA
    allowing FULL ABDUCTION of UPPER ARM
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22
Q

what does PECTORALIS MINOR allow of SCAPULA

A

DEPRESSION of SCAPULA

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23
Q

what does SERRATUS ANTERIOR allow of SCAPULA

A

ROTATION of SCAPULA

24
Q

2 HEADS of BICEPS BRACHII

A

LONG HEAD
SHORT HEAD

25
Q

MOVEMENTS from BICEPS BRACHII
forearm & humerus

A

FLEXION of FOREARM
SUPINATION of FOREARM

WEAK FLEXOR of HUMERUS

26
Q

2 ARM MOVEMENTS of TERES MAJOR

A

MEDIAL ROTATION
EXTENSION

27
Q

3 ARM MOVEMENTS of LATISSIMUS DORSI

A

ADDUCTION
MEDIAL ROTATION
EXTENSION

28
Q

CORACOBRACHIALIS HUMERUS MOVEMENTS (2)

A

FLEXOR
ADDUCTER

29
Q

BRACHIALIS 1 FUNCTION in FOREARM

A

FLEXOR
1 function so more powerful flexor

30
Q

TRICEPS BRACHII is the MAIN …. of the FOREARM

A

EXTENDOR

31
Q

TRICEPS BRACHII 3 HEADS:

A

LONG HEAD
LATERAL HEAD
MEDIAL HEAD (deeper)

32
Q

what is FASCIA and what are the 2 TYPES

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEETS
- visible by the naked eye

between SKIN and MUSCLE

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
DEEP FASCIA

33
Q

what does SUPERFICIAL FASCIA contain

A

ADIPOSE TISSUE

34
Q

there is a LAYER of DEEP FASCIA COVERING..

A

MUSCLES

35
Q

where are SUPERFICIAL VEINS

A

IN SUPERFICIAL FASCIA

36
Q

what is the name for the INGROWING of DEEP FASCIA that ATTACHES TO BONE

A

INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM

37
Q

INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM DIVIDES ARM into 2 COMPARTMENTS:

A

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

38
Q

ARM MUSCLES you can find in ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT (3)

A

BICEPS BRACHII
BRACHIALIS

further up
CORACOBRACHIALIS

39
Q

ARM MUSCLES you can find in POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

A

TRICEPS BRACHII:
LONG HEAD
MEDIAL HEAD
LATERAL HEAD

40
Q

name of the FORAMEN in the VERTEBRAL COLUMN that the SPINAL NERVES come OUT from

A

INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN

41
Q

SPINAL NERVES: C,T,L,S,C numbers

A

8 CERVICAL
12 THORACIC
5 LUMBAR
5 SACRAL
1 COCCYX

42
Q

5 AREAS of BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

ROOTS (Ventral Rami)
TRUNKS
DIVISIONS
CORDS
TERMINAL NERVES

43
Q

How MANY ROOTS in BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

5

44
Q

What are the 5 ROOTS of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

C5
C6
C7
C8
T1

45
Q

when forming TRUNKS which ROOTS JOIN together

A

C5 & C6 (superior trunk)

C8 & T1 (Inferior trunk)

46
Q

3 TRUNKS and which ROOTS they come from

A

SUPERIOR - C5 & C6

MIDDLE - C7

INFERIOR - C8 & T1

47
Q

how do we get DIVISIONS in BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR DIVISIONS of EACH TRUNK

48
Q

what are the 3 CORDS in BRACHIAL PLEXUS

A

LATERAL

POSTERIOR

MEDIAL

49
Q

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS how do we get each of the 3 CORDS
LATERAL:
POSTERIOR:
MEDIAL:

A

LATERAL:
ANTERIOR DIVISON of SUPERIOR TRUNK JOINS with ANTERIOR DIVISION of MIDDLE TRUNK

POSTERIOR:
ALL POSTERIOR DIVISIONS JOIN (from superior, middle and inferior trunks)

MEDIAL:
ANTERIOR DIVISION of INFERIOR TRUNK just CONTINUES (NO JOINING)

50
Q

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS what are the 4 TERMINAL NERVES you get

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE
MEDIAN NERVE
RADIAL NERVE
ULNAR NERVE

51
Q

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS what TERMINAL NERVE do you get from the LATERAL CORD

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE
(c5, c6, c7)

52
Q

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS what TERMINAL NERVE do you get from the MEDIAL CORD

A

ULNAR NERVE
(c7, c8,t1)

53
Q

in BRACHIAL PLEXUS what TERMINAL NERVE do you get from the POSTERIOR CORD

A

RADIAL NERVE

(c5,c6,c7,c8,t1)

54
Q

n BRACHIAL PLEXUS how do you get the MEDIAN NERVE
(c6,c7,c8,t1)

A

MEDIAL and LATERAL CORDS JOIN

55
Q

BRACHIAL PLEXUS CORDS are named in relation to the …

A

AXILLARY ARTERY

56
Q

which NERVE SUPPLIES the ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT of the upper ARM
- BICEPS BRACHII, BRACHIALIS, CORACOBRACHIALIS

A

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE

57
Q

which NERVE SUPPLIES the POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT of the upper arm
- TRICEPS BRACHII

A

RADIAL NERVE

Musculoskeletal System (18 decks)

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