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Musculoskeletal System > 04. Upper limb II- Elbow to Wrist/Hand (HARC) > Flashcards

04. Upper limb II- Elbow to Wrist/Hand (HARC) Flashcards

1
Q

bones in the ARM PROPER

A

HUMERUS

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2
Q

bones in the FOREARM

A

RADIUS (lateral)
ULNA (medial)

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3
Q

bones in the HAND (3 sections)

A
  • 8 CARPAL BONES in the HAND
  • 5 METACARPALS in the PALM
  • 14 PHALANGES in the DIGITS (3 in each finger, 2 in thumb)
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4
Q

how many CARPAL BONES in HAND

A

8

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5
Q

how many METACARPAL BONES in PALM

A

5

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6
Q

how many PHALANGES in DIGITS

A

14

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7
Q

name of part on HUMERUS that the HEAD of the RADIUS fits into during FLEXION of ELBOW

A

RADIAL FOSSA

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8
Q

name of part on HUMERUS that the CORONOID PROCESS (hooked projection) of the ULNA fits into during FLEXION of ELBOW

A

CORONOID FOSSA

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9
Q

which part of HUMERUS ARTICULATES with RADIUS

A

CAPITULUM

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10
Q

which part of HUMERUS ARTICULATES with ULNA

A

TROCHLEA

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11
Q

What part on the ULNA does the TROCHLEA ARTICULATE with

A

TROCHLEAR NOTCH

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12
Q

name of BONEY PROJECTIONS on the RADIUS and ULNA

A

RADIAL TUBEROSITY
ULNA TUBEROSITY

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13
Q

parts of HUMERUS that STICK OUT

A

LATERAL EPICONDYLE
MEDIAL EPICONDYLE

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14
Q

what is the PART on the ULNA that the HEAD of the RADIUS fits into and what does it allow

A

RADIAL NOTCH

PRONATION & SUPINATION

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15
Q

what does the OLECRANON (boney part of elbow) fit into on the HUMERUS

A

OLECRANON FOSSA

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16
Q

3 ARTICULATIONS at ELBOW JOINT:

A
  • HUMERUS TROCHLEA & ULNA TROCHLEAR NOTCH
  • CAPITULUM of HUMERUS & HEAD of RADIUS

(these both are involved in flexion and extension)

  • HEAD of RADIUS & RADIAL NOTCH of ULNA

(pronation & supination)

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17
Q

which ARTICULATIONS are involved in FLEXION and EXTENSION

A
  • HUMERUS (capitulum) and RADIUS
  • HUMERUS (trochlea) and ULNA (trochlear notch)
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18
Q

which ARTICULATION is involved in PRONATION & SUPINATION

A
  • RADIUS (head) & ULNA (radial notch)
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19
Q

what part of the ELBOW JOINT contributes to STABILITY

A

the FIBROUS MEMBRANE

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20
Q

LIGAMENTS that support FLEXION and EXTENSION and allows STABILITY

A

RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
ULNA COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

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21
Q

name of LIGAMENT that starts at ULNA and goes AROUND HEAD of RADIUS

A

ANNULAR LIGAMENT of RADIUS

-Allows the head of the radius to slide against the radial notch of the ulna and pivot on the capitulum
during pronation and supination
& keeps in place

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22
Q

what do we have of the RADIUS that SLIDES
anteriorly over the convex surface of the head of
the ulna
& allows pronation/supination

A

ULNAR NOTCH

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23
Q

during PRONATION and SUPINATION what are the BONES HELD TOGETHER by (2)

A

▪ the ARTICULAR DISK at the distal radio-ulnar joint
▪ the INTEROSSEUS MEMBRANE

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24
Q

name of MEMBRANE that ATTACHES the RADIUS & ULNA

A

INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

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25
Q

which 2 MUSCLES allow SUPINATION of the hand

A
  • BICEPS BRACHII
  • SUPINATOR MUSCLE
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26
Q

which 2 MUSCLES allow PRONATION of the hand

A
  • PRONATOR TERES
    (origin: medial epicondyle)
  • PRONATOR QUADRATUS
    (origin: anterior surface of the distal end of the ulna)
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27
Q

as MUSCLES CONTRACT for PRONATION what happens to the RADIUS and TENDON of BICEPS BRACHII and SUPINATOR MUSCLE

A
  • DISTAL end of RADIUS is PULLED OVER the ULNA
  • BICEPS BRACHII tendon and SUPINATOR muscle become WRAPPED AROUND PROXIMAL end of RADIUS

-unwrap: SUPINATION

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28
Q

What movement is permitted between the proximal radioulnar joint

A

ROTATION

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29
Q

name the 8 CARPAL BONES

A
  • SCAPHOID
  • LUNATE
  • TRIQUETRUM
  • PISIFORM
  • HAMATE
  • CAPITATE
  • TRAPEZOID
  • TRAPEZIUM
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30
Q

3 PHALANGES

A

DISTAL
MIDDLE
PROXIMAL

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31
Q

where do we get ARTICULATION at WRIST JOINT

A

between RADIUS, SCAPHOID & LUNATE

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32
Q

GAP between CARPAL and ULNA filled with

A

ARTICULAR DISC

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33
Q

what SEPARATES the ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR COMPARTMENTS in the FOREARM

A

LATERAL INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM

34
Q

which COMPARTMENT in the arm is for FLEXION

A

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

35
Q

3 FUNCTIONS of MUSCLES in the ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

A
  • MOVE the WRIST JOINT
  • FLEX FINGERS and THUMB
  • PRONATE the HAND
36
Q

MUSCLES in the ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT are arranged in 3 LAYERS

A
  • SUPERFICIAL
  • INTERMEDIATE
  • DEEP
37
Q

3 MUSCLES in the DEEP LAYER of the ANTERIOR (FLEXOR) COMPARTMENT of arm
and what do they each do

A
  • FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
    flexes fingers & wrist
  • FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
    flexes thumb
  • PRONATOR QUADRATUS
    pronation (brings radius over ulna)
38
Q

MUSCLE in INTERMEDIATE LAYER of ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT and what does it do

A
  • FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS MUSCLE
    flexes fingers and wrist (more superficially - on surface)
39
Q

what do TENDONS of the FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS, FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS and FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS PASS THROUGH

A

CARPAL TUNNEL

40
Q

what is the CARPAL TUNNEL formed of (2)

A

CARPAL BONES
FLEXOR RETINACULUM

41
Q

what NERVE PASSES through CARPAL TUNNEL and why can this cause problems

A

MEDIAN NERVE

if TENDONS SWELL (eg in RHEUMATOID ARTHIRITIS) NERVE becomes COMPRESSED - CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

42
Q

SYMPTOMS of CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

A

▪ Increased pressure in the carpal tunnel
▪ Pain and pins and needles in distribution of median nerve
▪ Weakness and loss of muscle bulk of the thenar muscles

43
Q

TREATMENTS for CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

A

▪ Reducing inflammation (rest/splint/steroids)
▪ Surgical decompression of the flexor retinaculum

44
Q

which is the BIGGEST CARPAL BONE

45
Q

which NERVE is COMPRESSED in CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

A

MEDIAN NERVE

46
Q

which CARPAL BONE is the SMALLEST

47
Q

how many MUSCLES in the SUPERFICIAL LAYER of the arm and what is their COMMON ORIGIN

A

4 MUSCLES

common origin: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE of HUMERUS

48
Q

name 4 MUSCLES of the SUPERFICIAL LAYER of the arm and their FUNCTIONS

A
  • FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
    flexes and adducts the wrist
  • PALMARIS LONGUS
    flexes the wrist (absent in 15% population)

-FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
flexes and abducts the wrist

  • PRONATOR TERES
    pronation
49
Q

what does the FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS in SUPERFICIAL layer do

A

FLEXES & ADDUCTS the WRIST

50
Q

what does the PALMARIS LONGUS in SUPERFICIAL layer do

A

FLEXES the WRIST

51
Q

what does the FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS in SUPERFICIAL layer do

A

FLEXES & ABDUCTS the WRIST

used to find PULSE

52
Q

what is the POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT of the ARM for

53
Q

what do the MUSCLES in the POSTERIOR (EXTENSOR) COMPARMENT do (3)

A
  • MOVE WRIST joint
  • EXTEND FINGERS and THUMB
  • SUPINATION of HAND
54
Q

POSTERIOR (EXTENSOR) COMPARMENT of arm is arranged in 2 LAYERS:

A
  • SUPERFICIAL
    -DEEP
55
Q

How many MUSCLES are in the DEEP LAYER of the POSTERIOR (EXTENSOR) COMPARMENT

56
Q

name the 5 MUSCLES in the DEEP LAYER of the POSTERIOR (EXTENSOR) COMPARMENT and what do they each do

A
  • ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS
    ABDUCTS the THUMB
  • EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS
    extends the THUMB
    tendon forms lateral border of the ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX
  • EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS
    Extends the THUMB
    tendon forms the medial border (top) of the ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX
  • EXTENSOR INDICES
    extends index finger
  • SUPINATOR
    supination
57
Q

which MUSCLES EXTEND the THUMB

A

EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS
EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS

58
Q

which accessory MUSCLE EXTENDS the INDEX finger

A

EXTENSOR INDICES

59
Q

which MUSCLE ABDUCTS the THUMB

A

ABDUCTER POLLICIS LONGUS

60
Q

which MUSCLE FLEXES the THUMB

A

FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS

61
Q

which MUSCLES FLEX the 4 FINGERS and WRIST

A

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS (deep)
FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS (intermediate)

62
Q

which MUSCLE FLEXES and ADDUCTS the WRIST

A

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

63
Q

which MUSCLE FLEXES and ABDUCTS the WRIST

A

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

64
Q

which other MUSCLE FLEXES the WRIST

A

PALMARIS LONGUS

65
Q

how many MUSCLES are in the SUPERFICIAL LAYER of the POSTERIOR (EXTENSOR) COMPARMENT

66
Q

name the 7 MUSCLES in the SUPERIFICAL LAYER of the POSTERIOR (EXTENSOR) COMPARMENT and what they do

A
  • BRACHIORADIALIS
    anterior but attachments are posterior
    FLEXES the ELBOW
  • EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
    extends and ABDUCTS the WRIST
  • EXENSOR CAPRI RADIALIS BREVIS
    extends and ABDUCTS the wrist
  • EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
    major Extensor of 4 FINGERS
  • EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI
    accessory extensor of the LITTLE FINGER
  • EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
    extends and ADDUCTS the WRIST
  • ANCONEUS
    Extends ELOW and ABDUCTS the ULNA during PRONATION
67
Q

which MUSCLES ADDUCT the WRIST

A
  • FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
  • EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
68
Q

which MUSCLES ABDUCT the WRIST

A
  • FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
  • EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
  • EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
69
Q

which MUSCLE is the MAIN EXTENSOR of the 4 FINGERS

A

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM

70
Q

which MUSCLE is an accessory EXTENSOR of the LITTLE FINGER

A

EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI

71
Q

which MUSCLE ABDUCTS the ULNA during PRONATION

72
Q

which ARTERY and VEIN is DEEP to the CLAVICLE

A

SUBCLAVIAN

73
Q

which 3 NERVES INNERVATE the UPPER LIMB/ARM
posterior
middle
medial

A

RADIAL NERVE
MEDIAN NERVE
ULNA NERVE

74
Q

What is the CUBITAL FOSSA and what is done there

A

Important transition area between the arm and
forearm

When taking BLOOD PRESSURE READING, the clinician places the
stethoscope over the BRACHIAL ARTERY in the cubital fossa

75
Q

what forms the BORDER of the CUBITAL FOSSA (triangle - 3)

A
  • Lateral and Medial EPICONDYLES
  • BRACHIORADIALIS
  • PRONATOR TERES
76
Q

what can you find in the CUBITAL FOSSA

(Really Need Beer To Be At My Nicest)

A
  • RADIAL NERVE
  • BICEPS TENDON
  • BRACHIAL ARTERY
  • MEDIAN NERVE
77
Q

which 3 VEINS make the ROOF of the CUBITAL FOSSA

A
  • BASILIC VEIN
  • MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN (venipuncture)
  • CEPHALIC VEIN
78
Q

which VEIN INNERVATES the EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS

A

RADIAL NERVE

79
Q

which VEIN is used for a VENIPUNCTURE (the collection of blood from a vein)

A

MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN

80
Q

what is the DISTAL most muscle insertion on the ANTERIOR aspect of the RADIUS

A

PRONATOR QUADRATUS

Musculoskeletal System (18 decks)

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