02. SKULL (HARC) Flashcards
FOREHEAD part of SKULL
FRONTAL
CHEEK BONE name in skull
ZYGOMATIC
UPPER JAW/TEETH (superior):
MAXILLA
LOWER JAW/TEETH (inferior:)
MANDIBLE
LOWER JAW/TEETH (inferior:)
MANDIBLE
(moveable)
SKULL BONES in the ORBIT (EYE SOCKET) (3)
SPHENOID (posterior, large)
LACRIMAL (small)
ETHMOID (roof of nose, goes through to other side, found in nasal septum)
‘at the side’ SKULL BONE (top)
PARIETAL
BASE SKULL BONE (bottom)
OCCIPITAL
LATERAL and INFERIOR SKULL BONE (‘time bone’)
TEMPORAL
what is the purpose of the SUTURES in the skull
PREVENT MOVEMENT
3 SUTURES in the skull
CORONAL SUTURE
SAGITTAL SUTURE
LAMBDOID SUTURE
where is the CORONAL SUTURE
between the FRONTAL and 2 PARIETAL
where is the SAGITTAL SUTURE
between the 2 PARIETAL
‘straight’
where is the LAMBDOID SUTURE
between the PARIETAL and OCCIPITAL
what is the name of the area in the SKULL where the CORONAL SUTURE and SAGITTAL SUTURE MEET
BREGMA
what is the name of the area in the SKULL where the SAGITTAL SUTURE and the LAMBDOID SUTURE MEET
LAMBDA
what can you often find in the skull
SUTURAL BONE (WORMION)
varied
different numbers and sizes in different people
what are the names of the 2 SKULL BONES in the NASAL SEPTUM
superior:
inferior:
superior: ETHMOID BONE
inferior: VOMER BONE
the ROOF of the MOUTH is majority MAXILLARY BONE. but POSTERIORLY it has which bone
PALATINE BONE
what is the names of the areas which house different parts of the BRAIN
CRANIAL FOSSAE
ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA (frontal lobe)
MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA (temporal lobe)
POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA (cerebellum)
from a view from underneath and transverse, what would you be able to see in the skull
FORAMEN (holes)
name the FORAMEN in the SKULL and what go through them
FORAMEN MAGNUM (major)
- Spinal Cord (up through and becomes brain stem)
- Vertebral Arteries
JUGULAR FORAMEN
- Internal Jugular Vein
- Cranial Nerves 9,10,11
CAROTID CANAL
- Internal Carotid Artery
FORAMEN OVALE
- Mandibular Nerve (branch of trigeminal)
what goes through the FORAMEN MAGNUM of the SKULL (2)
- SPINAL CORD
- VERTEBRAL ARTERIES
what goes through the JUGULAR FORAMEN of the SKULL (2)
INTERANAL JUGULAR VEIN
CRANIAL NERVES 9,10,11
what goes through the CAROTID CANAL of the SKULL
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
what goes through the FORAMEN OVALE of the SKULL
MANDIBULAR NERVE
(branches from trigeminal nerve)
MUSCLES of FACIAL EXPRESSION
- where are they
- what do they do
- supplied by which cranial nerve
UNIQUE to the human body
-lie UNDERNEATH the SKIN of the face and INSERT DIRECTLY INTO SKIN
- Responsible for MOVING the SKIN to provide facial expression,
- also act as SPHINCTERS AROUND the EYES and MOUTH- OPEN /CLOSE the EYES and MOUTH
- Supplied by cranial nerve VII (7) – The FACIAL NERVE
MUSCLES of MASTICATION
role? supplied by which cranial nerve?
NORMAL SKELETAL MUSCLE
- MOVING the MANDIBULAR at the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (chewing)
- Supplied by cranial nerve V (5) – the TRIGEMINAL NERVE
MUSCLES of FACIAL EXPRESSION (sheets)
muscle in SCALP/from frontal bone to occipital bone?
OCCIPTOFRONATLIS
- FRONTAL BELLY of OCCIPITOFRONTALIS
- OCCIPITAL BELLY of OCCIPITOFRONTALIS
MUSCLES of FACIAL EXPRESSION (sheets)
surrounding the EYE and helps CLOSE eye
ORBICULARIS OCULI
MUSCLES of FACIAL EXPRESSION (sheets)
around MOUTH
ORBICULARIS ORIS
MUSCLES of FACIAL EXPRESSION (sheets)
in NECK
PLATYSMA
the FACIAL NERVE is CRANIAL NERVE number…
7
the FACIAL NERVE enters which FORAMEN, travels and come out of which other FORMAEN
enters INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
comes out from STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN (small)
the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN (facial nerve comes out from) is in between and gets its name from.. (2)
MASTOID PROCESS (bump on skull behind ear)
STYLOID PROCESS (spiky)
the FACIAL NERVE splits into how many BRANCES
5
what GLAND the FACIAL NERVE TRAVEL THROUGH (whilst branching) on its way to innervating muscles for facial expression
PAROTID GLAND
(salivary)
name the 5 BRANCHES that the FACIAL NERVE SPLITS into (order from top to bottom)
- TEMPORAL BRANCH
- ZYGOMATIC BRANCH
- BUCCAL BRANCH
- MARGINAL MANDIBULAR BRANCH
- CERVICAL BRANCH
what are the 4 MUSCLES of MASTICATION
(big, powerful muscles that help you chew)
- MASSETER
- TEMPORALIS (side of skull)
- LATERAL PTERYGOID
- MEDIAL PTERYGOID
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
what is MASSETER for
ELEVATION (keep up against gravity)
& PROTRUSION
of mandible
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
what is the TEMPORALIS for
ELEVATION
& RETRACTION
of mandible
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
what are the MEDIAL and LATERAL PTERYGOIDS for
ELEVATION
& PROTRUSION
the MANDIBULAR NERVE is a BRANCH of which CRANIAL NERVE
TRIGEMINAL NERVE
how many BRANCHES are there of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE and what are they
3
V1- OPTHALAMIC NERVE
V2- MAXILLARY NERVE
V3- MANDIBULAR NERVE
2 FUNCTIONS of TRIGEMINAL NERVE
- SENSORY to the FACE
(trigeminal nerve is sensory to the face and scalp as far back as the vertex) - MOTOR to the MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
the TRIGEMINAL NERVE COMES OUT of which FORMANE (as MANDIBULAR NERVE) to innervate the muscles of mastication
FORAMEN OVALE
each PHARYNGEAL ARCH (in embryology) has its own: (4)
- CARTILAGE skeleton
- MUSCULAR component
- SENSORY NERVE supply
- MOTOR NERVE supple
key rule:
when a MUSCLE MOVES/MIGRATES it brings..
BRINGS its OWN NERVE SUPPLY WITH IT
which PHARYNGEAL ARCH are MUSCLES of MASTICATION derived from?
and are therefore INNERVATED by which cranial nerve?
1ST PHARYNGEAL ARCH
innervated by TRIGEMINAL NERVE (5)
which PHARYNGEAL ARCH are MUSCLES of FACIAL EXPRESSION derived from?
and are therefore INNERVATED by which cranial nerve?
2ND PHARYNGEAL ARCH
innervated by FACIAL NERVE (7)
the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT is which type of joint
SYNOVIAL JOINT
what does a SYNOVIAL JOINT consist of
JOINT CAPSULE
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE - secretes FLUID
JOINT CAVITY
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE (hyaline)
LIGAMENT
what is the name of the area in the TEMPORAL BONE that ARTICULATES (forms a joint with) the ZYGOMATIC BONE
ZYGOMATIC PROCESS OF THE TEMPORAL BONE
what does the HEAD of the MANDIBLE SLOT INTO (HELD IN)
MANDIBULAR FOSSA
of the ZYGOMATIC PROCESS (of the temporal bone)
what is the name of the 3 LIGAMENTS that help SECURE/STABILISE the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
- LATERAL TEMPOROMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
- SPHENOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
- STYLOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
what is the role of the LATERAL TEMPOROMANDIBULAR LIGAMEN of the temporomandibular joint
PREVENTS POSTERIOR DISLOCATION of the MANDIBLE (head)
cant move back/posteriorly
what is the role of the SPHENOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT and the STYLOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT in the temporomandibular joint
help KEEP the HEAD of the MANDIBLE IN the MANDIBULAR FOSSA - PREVENTS FALLING OUT
- especially when OPENING JAW
(rotates in the fossa)
MOVEMENTS of the MANDIBLE:
DEPRESSION:
ELEVATION:
PROTRUSION:
RETRACTION:
ROTATION:
DEPRESSION:
causes the MOUTH to OPEN
ELEVATION:
causes the MOUTH to CLOSE
PROTRUSION:
causes the LOWER TEETH to MOVE FORWARD - lie in FRONT of UPPER TEETH
RETRACTION:
LOWER TEETH MOVE BACK - lie in LINE/BEHIND UPPER TEETH
/ MANDIBULAR HEAD is PULLED BACK INTO MANDIBULAR FOSSA
ROTATION:
causes LATERAL CHEWING MOVEMENTS
what is the EXTRA FEATURE of the SYNOVIAL JOINT that enables all these MOVEMENTS in the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
and what does it do / form
ARTICULAR DISC
SEPARATES the JOINT INTO 2
get UPPER JOINT CAVITY and LOWER JOINT CAVITY
the UPPER JOINT CAVITY in the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT allows which movements
PROTRUSION & RETRACTION
the LOWER JOINT CAVITY in the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT allows which movements
HINGE & ROTATION
What is between the head of the mandible and the mandibular fossa
ARTICULAR DISC
( JOINT)
what is the area BELOW / TO THE SIDE of the mandibular FOSSA
ARTICULAR TUBERCLE
during PROTRUSTION how does the HEAD OF THE MANDIBLE MOVE
MOVES OUT of the FOSSA
onto the ARTICULAR TUBERCLE
when the mouth is WIDE OPEN what are the 2 MANDIBLE MOVEMENTS and how does the HEAD of the MANDIBLE MOVE
PROTUSION & DEPRESSION
HEAD of MANDIBLE MOVES OUT of FOSSA and onto ARTICULAR TUBERCLE
- gives mandible space to ROTATE BACKWARDS
