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Musculoskeletal System > 11. Lower Limb I: Hip to Knee (HARC) > Flashcards

11. Lower Limb I: Hip to Knee (HARC) Flashcards

1
Q

FUNCTIONS of the HIP BONE

A
  • BEAR WEIGHT / TRANSFER WEIGHT from the back, through the hip, to the FEMUR
  • PROTECTION
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2
Q

3 BONES of the HIP BONE

A

ILIUM
PELVIS
ISCHIUM

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3
Q

name for the SOCKET in the HIP BONE for the FEMUR

  • where the 3 bones come together and fuse
A

ACETABULUM

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4
Q

name of the JOINT between the SACRUM and the ILIUM of the HIP

A

SACROILIAC JOINT

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5
Q

the ISCHIAL SPINE splits the posterior part of the ISCHIUM into 2 PARTS:

A
  • GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH
  • LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH
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6
Q

name of the FORAMEN in the HIP BONE

A

OBTURATOR FORAMEN
(mostly filled with muscle)

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7
Q

name for the bump on the HIP that you can feel

A

ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE (ASIS)

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8
Q

part of the HIP BONE that is the boney part of the bottom

A

ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY

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9
Q

name of the DEPRESSION found in the HEAD of the FEMUR and what goes in it

A

FOVEA

ARTERY goes in to supply the head of the femur
(artery of the ligament of the head of the femur)

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10
Q

2 parts that stick out on the FEMUR

A

GREATER TROCHANTER
LESSER TROCHANTER

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11
Q

name for the CREST that runs between the 2 TROCHANTERS of the FEMUR

A

INTERTROCHANTERIC CREST

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12
Q

2 things that provide STABILITY to the HIP JOINT

A
  • LARGE ACETABULUM
    with ACETABULAR LABRUM to make the joint even deeper, head of femur fits snugly
  • LIGAMENTS
    particularly the TWISTING of ligaments in hip EXTENSION
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13
Q

what type of joint is the HIP JOINT

A

SYNOVIAL

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14
Q

LIGAMENT found in HIP JOINT

A

LIGAMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR
(brings an artery with it)

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15
Q

relationship between the LIGAMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR and the SYNOVIAL HIP JOINT
does the ligament go inside the synovium?

A

LIGAMENT goes inside the capsule but DOES NOT GO INSIDE THE SYNOVIUM (NOT INTRASYNOVIAL)

the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE COATS the LIGAMET=NT

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16
Q

relationship between the LIGAMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR and the SYNOVIAL HIP JOINT
does the ligament go inside the synovium?

A

LIGAMENT goes inside the capsule but DOES NOT GO INSIDE THE SYNOVIUM (NOT INTRASYNOVIAL)

the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE COATS the LIGAMENT

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17
Q

3 LIGAMENTS of the PELVIS AND HIP JOINT

A

anterior:

  • ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
    (between ilium and femur)
  • PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
    (between pubis and femur)

posterior:

  • ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
    (between ischium and femur)
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18
Q

how does the ACTION of the HIP JOINT LIGAMENTS (iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral) PROVIDE STABILITY

A

during EXTENSION:
the LIGAMENTS naturally SCREW the HEAD OF THE FEMUR INTO the ACETABULUM
- ligaments become TWISTED
- Screw femur CLOSER up

during FLEXION:
ligaments are STRAIGHT

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19
Q

when do LIGAMENTS need to provide the most STABILITY for the HIP JOINT

A

during EXTENSION
- need most stability when standing
- weight-bearing

FLEXION: fixed femur, not weight-bearing

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20
Q

is it only the FEMUR that MOVES during motion of the HIP

eg walking, rotation

A

NO
PELVIS can MOVE

femur may not move at all, may be just pelvis moving

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21
Q

CLASSIFICATION of HIP MUSCLES into 5 GROUPS:

A
  • EXTRINSIC hip muscles
  • INTRINSIC hip muscles (superficial & deep)
  • HIP ADDUCTORS
  • HIP FLEXORS, KNEE EXTENSORS
  • HIP EXTENSORS, KNEE FLEXORS
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22
Q

EXTRINSIC HIP MUSCLES:

A

ILIOPSOAS MUSCLE
- PSOAS MAJOR (originates from lumbar spine)
- ILIACUS (originates in iliac fossa)

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23
Q

FUNCTION of the ILIOPSOAS MUSCLE - PSOAS MAJOR & ILIACUS

(extrinsic hip muscles)

A

FLEXION of the HIP

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24
Q

the ILIOPSOAS MUSCLE - PSOAS MAJOR & ILIACUS 2 parts come together and ATTACH where

A

LESSER TROCHANTER of the FEMUR

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25
Q

INTRINSIC HIP MUSCLES
SUPERFICIAL:

A

(POSTERIOR)

  • GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
    (biggest & most powerful muscle)
  • TENSOR FASCIA LATAE
  • contracts and pulls on the ILIOTIBIAL TRACT (band of FASCIA)
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26
Q

FUNCTIONS of the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

A
  • most powerful HIP EXTENSOR
  • ADDUCTION & ABDUCTION
  • some LATERAL ROTATION
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27
Q

how can the GLUTEUS MAXIMUS do both ADDUCTION and ABDUCTION

A

it passes over the AXIS OF ROTATION

ADDUCTION: muscles BELOW/inferior to AXIS of rotation CONTRACT

ABDUCTION: muscles ABOVE/superior to AXIS of rotation CONTRACT

28
Q

FUNCTION of the TENSOR FASCIA LATAE
- using the ILIOTIBIAL TRACT

A
  • STABILISES the KNEE in EXTENSION
    (contracts and pulls on the iliotibial tract to do so)

can also help FLEXION slightly depending on the current state of knee joint
- if already flexed (iliotibial tract lying below axis of rotation)

29
Q

what is the ANGLE between the MECHANICAL AXIS (straight down due to gravity) and the ANATOMICAL AXIS

A

174 DEGREES

30
Q

INTRINSIC HIP MUSCLES
DEEP:

A
  • GLUTEUS MEDIUS
  • GLUTEUS MINIMUS
  • PIRIFORMIS
  • GEMELLUS SUPERIOR
  • GEMELLUS INFERIOR
  • OBTURATOR INTERNUS
  • QUADRATUS FEMORIS
31
Q

name of a MUSCLE that COVERS the OBTURATOR FORAMEN

and where is it
what is its function

A

OBTURATOR INTERNIS

INTRINSIC Hip Muscle in the DEEP LAYER

  • LATERAL ROTATION
  • ABDUCTION
32
Q

FUNCTION of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS and GLUTEUS MINIMUS

(intrinsic hip muscles, deep)

A

ABDUCTION of femur

also PREVENT PELVIC DROP

33
Q

how do the GLUTEUS MEDIUS and GLUTEUS MINIMUS PREVENT PELVIC/HIP DROP

A

when WALKING and opposite leg is LIFTED,

they CONTRACT and so PULL the PELVIS UP

(if no muscles, pelvis would drop due to gravity and weight)

34
Q

what do you DEVELOP from PARALYSIS of the GLUTEUS MEDIUS

A

TRENDELENBURG GAIT
- HIP DROP
(lean to the other side)

35
Q

FUNCTION of the PIRIFORMIS, GEMELLUS SUPERIOR, GEMELLUS INFERIOR & OBTURATOR FORAMEN

(Intrinsic, Deep)

A

LATERALLY ROTATES
ABDUCTS

36
Q

FUNCTION of the QUADRATOR FEMORIS

(Intrinsic, Deep)

A

LATERAL ROTATION

37
Q

3 COMPARTMENTS of the THIGH

A

ANTERIOR
POSTERIOR
MEDIAL

38
Q

HIP ADDUCTORS in THIGH:

A

(most posterior)
- ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (fans over whole femur)

(more anteriorly)
- PECTINEUS
- ADDUCTOR LONGUS
- ADDUCTOR BREVIS

(most medially)
- GRACILIS (goes over the knee joint)

39
Q

what can you find in the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

A

ADDUCTOR HIATUS

  • small ARTERY (FEMORAL ARTERY) PASSES THROUGH
40
Q

where are the HIP ADDUCTOR MUSCLES

A

in the THIGH

41
Q

FUNCTION of PECTINEUS

A
  • ADDUCTION
  • FLEXION
42
Q

FUNCTION of ADDUCTOR LONGUS

A
  • ADDUCTION
  • MEDIAL ROTATION
43
Q

FUNCTION of GRACILIS

A
  • ADDUCTION
  • FLEXION at KNEE
44
Q

HIP FLEXORS KNEE EXTENSORS:

A

QUADRACEP MUSCLES:
- RECTUS FEMORIS (straight)
- VASTUS LATERALIS
- Vastus intermedialis
- VASTUS MEDIALIS

  • SARTORIUS (crosses over the thigh, lateral to medial and inserts onto tibia)
45
Q

HIP FLEXOR & KNEE EXTENSOR MUSCLES are on which SIDE of the THIGH

A

ANTERIOR

46
Q

FUNCTIONS of the RECTUS FEMORIS and SARTORIS

A

HIP FLEXION
KNEE EXTENSION

47
Q

FUNCTION of the VASTUS MEDIALIS & VASTUS LATERALIS

A

KNEE EXTENSION

48
Q

HIP EXTENSORS & KNEE FLEXORS aka the..

A

HAMSTRINGS

49
Q

where are the HAMSTRINGS / HIP EXTENSOR & KNEE FLEXOR MUSCLES

A

POSTERIOR side of the THIGH

50
Q

The HAMSTRINGS / HIP EXTENSOR & KNEE FLEXOR MUSCLES:

A

(laterally)
- BICEPS FEMORIS (LONG HEAD)
- BICEPS FEMORIS (SHORT HEAD)

(more medially)
- SEMI-TENDINOSIS

  • SEMI-MEMBRANOSIS
51
Q

FUNCTIONS of the BICEPS FEMORIS in posterior thigh

A

HIP EXTENSION
KNEE FLEXION
LATERAL ROTATION

52
Q

FUNCTIONS of the SEMI-TENDINOSIS & SEMI-MEMBRANOSIS in posterior thigh

A

HIP EXTENSION
KNEE FLEXION
MEDIAL ROTATION

53
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY of the LOWER LIMB starts from the…

A

ABDOMINAL AORTA

54
Q

in the pelvis what does the ABDOMINAL AORTA DIVIDE into

and what does this DIVIDE into

A
  • COMMON ILIAC

-> INTERNAL ILIAC & EXTERNAL ILIAC

55
Q

the EXTERNAL ILIAC passes into the LOWER LIMB and becomes the

A

FEMORAL ARTERY

56
Q

What is the 1st BRANCH coming from the FEMORAL ARTERY

A

PROFUNDA FEMORIS
aka DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH

57
Q

2 BRANCHES of the PROFUNDA FEMORIS
(DEEP ARTERY OF THE THIGH)

A

MEDIAL CIRCUMFLEX
LATERAL CIRCUMFLEX

(circle the NECK of the FEMUR)

58
Q

What does the INTERNAL ILIAC DIVIDE into and what do these SUPPLY

A
  • SUPERIOR GLUTEAL
  • INFERIOR GLUTEAL

SUPPLY GLUTEAL MUSCLES

59
Q

which ARTERY SUPPLIES the PROXIMAL HEAD of the FEMUR

A

ARTERY OF THE LIGAMENT OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR

60
Q

which ARTERY SUPPLIES the DISTAL HEAD of the FEMUR

A

MEDIAL CIRCUMFLEX

61
Q

What is the FEMORAL TRIANGLE in the thigh BOUND by (BORDERS)
LATERALLY:
MEDIALLY:
SUPERIORLY:

A

LATERALLY:
- medial border of the SARTORIUS

MEDIALLY:
- medial border of the ADDUCTOR LONGUS

SUPERIORLY:
- the INGUINIAL LIGAMENT
(which runs from the ASIS - anterior superior iliac spine- to the pubic tubercle)

62
Q

what does the FEMORAL TRIANGLE CONTAIN

A

NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE:
-FEMORAL ARTERY
- FEMORAL VEIN
- FEMORAL NERVE

63
Q

which ARTERY is in the FEMORAL TRIANGLE

A

FEMORAL ARTERY

64
Q

what is the PURPOSE of the ADDUCTOR HIATUS in the ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

A

Hole that ALLOWS PASSAGE of the FEMORAL ARTERY to the BACK of the knee
ANTERIOR TO POSTERIOR

where it will be called the POPLITIEAL ARTERY

65
Q

name for the CONTINUATION of the FEMORAL ARTERY found at the back of the knee

A

POPLITIEAL ARTERY

66
Q

main BLOOD SUPPLY of the FEMORAL HEAD in an adult

A

LATERAL EPIPHYSEAL ARTERY

Musculoskeletal System (18 decks)

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