Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal System > 12. Lower Limb II: Knee to Foot (HARC) > Flashcards

12. Lower Limb II: Knee to Foot (HARC) Flashcards

1
Q

name for the KNEE CAP bone

A

PATELLA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 LEG BONES

A

TIBIA (medial)
FIBULA (lateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

part on the DISTAL end of the TIBIA:

A

MEDIAL MALLEOLUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

part on the DISTAL end of the FIBULA

A

LATERAL MALLEOLUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 parts on the DISTAL FEMUR

A

LATERAL CONDYLE
MEDIAL CONDYLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what can you find on the LATERAL and MEDIAL CONDYLES of the FEMUR that are the attachment sites for ligaments
(TIPS, can feel)

A

LATERAL EPICONDYLE
MEDIAL EPICONDYLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name for the BUMP (BIG) on the TIBIA

A

TIBIAL TUBEROSITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 types of BUMPS on BONES that muscles attach to :

A
  • Tubercle (small)
  • Tuberosity (middle)
  • Trochanter (big) (femur)

bigger bumps = more powerful muscles attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name for SUPERIOR , FLAT part of TIBIA with 2 parts

A

TIBIAL PLATEAU

  • MEDIAL CONDYLE
  • LATERAL CONDYLE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name for the LINE found on the POSTERIOR surface of TIBIA

A

SOLEAL LINE

  • SOLEUS muscle attaches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which side of the TIBIA is the SOLEAL LINE found

A

POSTERIOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 parts of PROXIMAL FIBULA

A

APEX (projection)
HEAD
NECK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DISTAL FIBULA there is:

A

LATERAL MALLEOLUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is BETWEEN the FIBULA and TIBIA

A

INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

JOINT between TIBIA and FIBULA

A

DISTAL & PROXIMAL
TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT

very little movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the MEDIAL MALLEOLUS is a PALPABLE FEATURE of which BONE

A

TIBIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what type of JOINT is the KNEE JOINT

A

SYNOVIAL
HINGE JOINT (UNIAXIAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what AXIAL is the KNEE JOINT

A

UNIAXIAL - 1 AXIS

(mainly) 1 MOVEMENT: FLEXION/EXTENSION

but also some rotation & translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which BONES make up the KNEE JOINT

A

FEMUR
PATELLA
TIBIA

(NOT fibula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 ARTICULATIONS at the KNEE JOINT

A

TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT (main)
-between femur and tibia

PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
- between femur and patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do you find in the KNEE JOINT
BETWEEN the FEMORAL and TIBIAL CONDYLES

A

MENISCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which features add STABILITY to the KNEE JOINT

A
  • MENISCI
  • 4 major LIGAMENTS (2 pairs: cruciate, collateral)
  • muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the MENISCI are a PAIR of…

A

SEMILUNAR FIBROCARTILAGE DISCS in the knee joint

MEDIAL MENISCI
LATERAL MENISCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Structure of MEDIAL MENISCI

A
  • C-SHAPED with wide base
  • well ANCHORED to TIBIA (firmly fixed down)

therefore LESS MOBILE
(MORE RISK to injury)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Structure of LATERAL MENISCI

A
  • ALMOST O SHAPE
    smaller gap
  • less firmly fixed down so MORE MOBILE (can move with femur)

LESS RISK to injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which MENISCUS is at MORE RISK to INJURY and why

A

MEDIAL MENISCI

as it is LESS MOBILE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

3 FUNCTIONS of the MENISCI

A
  1. INCREASE CONTACT AREA (main function)
    - increases up to 60%
  2. SHOCK ABSORBER
  3. PROPRIOCEPTION - ability to sense movement, action, and location (lots of proprioceptive fibres)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

TYPES/PAIRS of LIGAMENTS in the KNEE JOINT:

A
  • CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
  • COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the 2 CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS in the KNEE JOINT

(‘cruciate’ = ‘crossed’)

A

ACL - ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
attaches to anterior tibia
PCL - POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
attaches to posterior tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

FUNCTION of the CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS ACL & PCL

A

RESIST EXCESSIVE TIBIAL TRANSLATION (limit movement)

ACL: RESIST EXCESSIVE ANTERIOR TIBIAL TRANSLATION
PCL: RESIST EXCESSIVE POSTERIOR TIBIAL TRANSLATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how to TEST for CRUCIATE ACL/PCL FUNCTION and what results mean

A

TEST FOR INJURY
hold thigh and calf. pull anteriorly to test ACL and push posteriorly to test PCL (LACHMAN TEST)

if ACL TEAR:
EXCESS anterior MOVEMENT of TIBIA

if PCL TEAR:
EXCESS posterior MOVEMENT of TIBIA

if CRUCIATE are FUNCTIONING: LIMIT THE MOVEMENT

excessive = >5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

which CRUCIATE TEAR is MORE COMMON and what is it CAUSED by:

treatment?

A

ACL TEAR

  • caused by MEDIAL ROTATION with a FIXED LEG
    usually when RUNNING FORWARD

usually NON-IMPACT injury

TREATMENT BY RECONSTRUCTION - TENDON AUTOGRAFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are the 2 COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS
(where are they attached to/from)

A

MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
(from Medial Epicondyle of femur to medial surface of Tibia)

LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT
(from Lateral Epicondyle of femur to the Head of the Fibula)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where are the 2 COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS

A

EITHER SIDE of the KNEE JOINT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

FUNCTION of the COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS - MEDIAL & LATERAL

A

STABILILE the KNEE
in the CORONAL PLANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which COLLATERAL LIGAMENT is THICKER & STRONGER

A

MCL
MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

which COLLATERAL LIGAMENT is MORE COMMONLY INJURED
and why

A

MCL
MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

much MORE FORCE on the MEDIAL SIDE

38
Q

which COLLATERAL LIGAMENT is THIN and EXTRACAPSULAR

A

LCL
LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

39
Q

how is the LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT in FLEXION

A

LOOSE

therefore LESS LIKELY TO INJURE

40
Q

3 TYPES of BONES in the FOOT

A

TARSALS
METATARSALS
PHALANGES

41
Q

name the TARSALS in the FOOT

A

CALCANEOUS (heel bone)
TALUS (forms ankle joint)
NAVICULAR
CUBOID

CUNEIFORM BONES:
LATERAL CUNEIFORM
INTERMEDIATE CUNEIFORM
MEDIAL CUNEIFORM

42
Q

How are the METATARSALS in the FOOT names

A

1-5

1 at medial end
5 at lateral end

43
Q

How are the PHALANGES named

A

1st DIGIT (big toe)
2nd DIGIT
3rd DIGIT
4th DIGIT
5th DIGIT (little toe)

44
Q

3 parts in each PHALANGE

A

DISTAL
INTERMEDIATE
PROXIMAL

BUT only DISTAL & PROXIMAL in 1ST DIGIT (big toe)

45
Q

name of the ANKLE JOINT

A

TALOCRURAL JOINT

between TALUS and LEG (TIBIA & FIBULA)

46
Q

4 JOINTS in the FOOT

A

SUBTALAR JOINTS: Talo-calcaneal joint, Talo-calcaneao-navicular joint

TARSO-METATARSAL JOINTS
(between tarsals and metatarsals)

METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT
(between metatarsals and proximal phalanges)

INTERPHALANGEAL JOINTS
(between the Phalanges)

47
Q

what TYPE of JOINT is the TALOCRURAL JOINT (ANKLE)

A

SYNOVIAL
HINGE JOINT

48
Q

what axial is the TALOCRURAL JOINT

A

UNIAXIAL - ONE MOVEMENT ONLY:

DORSIFLEXION/PLANTARFLEXION

49
Q

is DORSIFLEXION at the ankle joint a flexion or extension

A

EXTENSION

50
Q

is PLANTARFLEXION at the ankle joint a flexion or extension

A

FLEXION

51
Q

which ANKLE JOINT MOVEMENT is MORE STABLE

A

DORSIFLEXION

due to WIDE ANTERIOR of the TALUS

52
Q

which ANKLE JOINT MOVEMENT has MORE RISK of INJURY

A

PLANTARFLEXION

(can move more due to narrow posterior of talus)

53
Q

what is the reason for bones being MORE CONGRUENT (in agreement) in DORSIFLEXION hence MORE STABILITY

than in PLANTARFLEXION

A

IRREGULAR SHAPE of the TALUS BONE

  • WIDE ANTERIOR
    fills joint space - restricting movement
  • NARROW POSTERIOR
54
Q

what MOVEMENTS occur by the SUBTALAR JOINT of the FOOT

A

INVERSION / EVERSION

55
Q

there is more MOVEMENT in INVERSION or EVERSION

A

INVERSION

56
Q

ANKLE LIGAMENTS: MEDIAL & LATERAL

NAME of the MEDIAL LIGAMENT

A

DELTOID LIGAMENT

57
Q

how do the MEDIAL & LATERAL ANKLE LIGAMENTS DIFFER

A

MEDIAL:
- SINGLE
-THICK, STRONG ligament
Deltoid ligament
- more STABLE

LATERAL:
- NUMEROUS
- THINNER, WEAKER

MORE HYPERINVERSION INJURIES

58
Q

HYPERINVERSION INJURIES are MORE COMMON in which ANKLE LIGAMENTS

A

LATERAL LIGAMENTS

59
Q

HALLUCIS in a muscle name means it attaches where

A

BIG TOE

60
Q

TERTIUS in a muscle means it is

A

the THIRD muscle
(there are 2 others of the same type)

61
Q

name for the BACK of the KNEE

A

POPLITEAL FOSSA

62
Q

3 COMPARTMENTS of the LEG (calf)

A

ANTERIOR
LATERAL
POSTERIOR

Generally have:
- Common function for muscles
- Common nerve supply
- Common blood supply

63
Q

COMPARTMENTS of the LEG are DIVIDED by THICK FASICA: (2)

A

INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM
INTEROSSEUS MEMBRANE

64
Q

FUNCTION of the MUSCLES in the LATERAL COMPARTMENT of the LEG

A

EVERSION of ankle

65
Q

LATERAL COMPARTMENT of LEG MUSCLES:
(EVERTORS)

A
  • FIBULARIS LONGUS
  • FIULARIS BREVIS
66
Q

LATERAL compartment muscles (FIBULARIS LONGUS, FIULARIS BREVIS) PASS INTO the FOOT from BEHIND…

A

BEHIND the MEDIAL MALLEOLUS

67
Q

the FIBULARIS BREVIS (EVERTOR MUSCLE) attaches to which bone in the FOOT

A

5th METATARSAL

68
Q

the FIBULARIS LONGUS (EVERTOR MUSCLE) attaches to which bone in the FOOT

A

1st METATARSAL
- goes around/across the foot

69
Q

FUNCTION of the LEG MUSCLES in the ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT

A
  • DORSIFLEXION & INVERSION of ankle
  • EXTENSION of TOES
70
Q

which muscle in the ANTERIOR LEG is the PRIMARY DORSIFLEXOR & PRIMARY INVERTOR

A

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR (important muscle)

71
Q

PAIR of TOE EXTENSORS in the ANTERIOR LEG:

A
  • EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS (big toe)
  • EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
72
Q

EVERTOR muscle in the ANTERIOR COMPARTENT

A

FIBULARIS TERTIUS

73
Q

which LEG COMPARTMENT is the LARGEST

A

POSTERIOR

74
Q

FUNCTIONS of the SUPERFICIAL layer of the POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT of the leg

A

PLANTARFLEXION of ankle

FLEXION of the KNEE

75
Q

MUSCLES in the SUPERFICIAL LAYER of the POSTERIOR LEG

A
  • TRICEPS SURAE (‘3 headed muscle of the calf’):
    GASTROCNEMIUS (2 HEADS)
    SOLEUS (1 HEAD) (on soleal line)
  • PLANTARIS
    (back of the knee joint, very long tendon going all the way down)
76
Q

MUSCLES in the TRICEPS SURAE of the POSTERIOR LEG

A
  • GASTROCNEMIUS (2 HEADS)
  • SOLEUS (1 HEAD)
77
Q

MUSCLES in the TRICEPS SURAE of the POSTERIOR LEG (GASTROCNEMIUS & SOLEUS) DISTALLY FUSE to become…

A

the CALCANEAL TENDON
(aka ACHILLES TENDON)

78
Q

MUSCLES in the TRICEPS SURAE of the POSTERIOR LEG (GASTROCNEMIUS & SOLEUS) are powerful…

A

PLANTARFLEXORS

(GASTROCNEMIUS is also a KNEE FLEXOR)

79
Q

is the PLANTARIS part of the CALCANEAL TENDON

A

NO

  • NEXT TO IT

assists in PLANTARFLEXION & KNEE FLEXION

80
Q

FUNCTIONS of the DEEP layer of the POSTERIOR compartment of the LEG

A
  • PLANTARFLEXION
    & INVERSION
  • FLEXION of TOES
81
Q

MUSCLE in DEEP POSTERIOR LEG for PLANTARFLEXION & INVERSION

A

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR
(homologous to tibialis anterior - dorsiflexion & inversion in anterior)

82
Q

PAIR of TOE FLEXORS in the DEEP POSTERIOR leg

A
  • FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS (digits 2-5)
  • FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS (big toe)
83
Q

TOE FLEXORS in DEEP POSTERIOR leg ( flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus) TENDONS ENTER THE FOOT behind…

A

enter the foot BEHIND the MEDIAL MALLEOLUS
(TARSAL TUNNEL)

84
Q

DEEP POSTERIOR leg:
POPLITEUS muscle function

A

MEDIAL ROATION of the KNEE
(‘unlocks’ knee for flexion)

85
Q

DEEP POSTERIOR leg: where is the POPLITEUS MUSCLE

A

in the POPLITEAL FOSSA (back of knee)

86
Q

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT of the leg (dorsiflexion & inversion) is INNVERATED by which NERVE

A

DEEP FIBULA NERVE

87
Q

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT of leg (plantarflexion) is INNERVATED by which NERVE

A

TIBIAL NERVE

88
Q

LATERAL COMPARTMENT of leg (eversion) is INNVERVATED by which NERVE

A

SUPERFICIAL FIBULAR NERVE

89
Q

MEDIAL and LATERAL MENISCI of knee are connected by..

A

TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

90
Q

ACL, PCL, MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT & LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT are which STABILISERS of the KNEE

A

PRIMARY

91
Q

what are the SECONDARY STABILISERS of the KNEE

A

thigh & leg MUSCLES

92
Q

which muscle is PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE for DORSIFLEXION and INVERSION of the FOOT

A

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Musculoskeletal System (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions