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April 24 > 14 - 2 > Flashcards

14 - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Low concentrations of alcohol – BAC of .03 to .05%

A

Makes people relaxed and jovial (“taking the edge off”)

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2
Q

When BAC reaches .1%

Higher concentrations of alcohol

A

motor function is reduced and people get sleepy

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3
Q

At .2%, the person is

Higher concentrations of alcohol

A

unable to function

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4
Q

Alcohol hangover

A

Symptoms include headache, shakiness, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue and impaired mental functioning

Heart rate and blood pressure increase – danger of cardiac arrest

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5
Q

The Immediate Effects of Alcohol

A
  1. Using alcohol with other drugs
  2. Alcohol and aggression
  3. Alcohol and sexual decision-making
  4. Alcohol poisoning
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6
Q

Alcohol poisoning

A

Drinking a large amount of alcohol in short period of time can be lethal

Caused by severe depression of the central nervous system (CNS) or aspirating vomit into the lungs

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7
Q

Drinking and Driving

A

the leading criminal cause of death in Canada (mostly young people)

.08 BAC is the legal limit for impaired driving charges
.05-08 BAC is the “warning range”

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8
Q

The dose-response function

A

s the relationship between the amount of alcohol or drug consumed and the type and intensity of the resulting effect.

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9
Q

How to spot an impaired driver:

A
  1. Wide abrupt illegal turns
  2. Straddling the centre line
  3. Driving on the shoulder
  4. Weaving, swerving or nearly striking other vehicles
  5. Following too closely
  6. Erratic speed
  7. Driving with headlights off at night
  8. Driving with the window down in cold weather
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10
Q

The Effects of Chronic Misuse

A
  1. The digestive system
  2. The cardiovascular system
  3. Cancer
  4. Brain damage
  5. Mortality
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11
Q

Alcohol Use During Pregnancy

A

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

There is “no safe limit” for alcohol consumption during pregnancy

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12
Q

There is no evidence that

A

drinking in the ’20-30s has any health-related benefits

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13
Q

0 drinks =

A

no risk

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14
Q

1-2 standard drinks per week

A

will likely avoid alcohol-related consequences to yourself and others

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15
Q

3-6 standard drinks per week

A

risks the development of different types of cancer

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16
Q

7 or more standard drinks per week

A

increases the risk of heart disease or stroke

17
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder - 1

A

Consuming alcohol in larger amounts than was intended

Having a persistent desire or making unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control alcohol use

Spending a great deal of time in activities to obtain alcohol, use alcohol or recover from its effects

18
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder - 2

A

Craving or strong urge to use alcohol

Recurrent alcohol use resulting in a failure to fulfil major obligations at work, school or home

Continued alcohol use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by alcohol

19
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder - 3

A

Giving up or reducing important social, school, work or recreational activities because of alcohol use

Recurrent alcohol use in situations in which it is potentially hazardous

Continued alcohol use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to be worsened by alcohol

20
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder - 4

A

Developing tolerance to alcohol, as defined by the need to consume increase of alcohol to achieve the desired effect or a markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol

Experiencing alcohol withdrawal resulting in unpleasant and cognitive symptoms (nausea, vomiting, insomnia, seizures etc.) or consuming alcohol ) or other substance) to avoid or reduce or avoid withdrawal symptoms

21
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder - 5

A

People of all ethnic groups and socio-economic levels can develop alcohol use disorder

May exhibit a pattern of exacerbation and remission

Alcohol addiction is not hopeless, many do achieve permanent abstinence

Alcohol use disorder: from mild to severe

22
Q

Binge Drinking

A

Defined as a pattern that brings the person’s BAC to .80% or above

5 drinks for men and 4 for women within a two-hour period

Males are more likely to report heavy drinking

23
Q

Severe Alcohol Use Disorder (Alcoholism)

A

Will experience withdrawal—trembling hands, sweating, rapid pulse, insomnia and anxiety—5 to 10 hours after last drink

May have seizures or hallucinations

24
Q

Alcoholism is usually characterized by

A

tolerance to alcohol and withdrawal symptoms.

Everyone who drinks—even if not suffering from an alcohol use disorder—develops tolerance after repeated alcohol use, whereas withdrawal symptoms suggest a severe disorder.

25
Q

Social and psychological effects of Alcoholism

A
  1. More likely to experience clinical depression, panic disorder, schizophrenia, borderline antisocial personality disorder
  2. May use alcohol to lessen anxiety
  3. Often occurs with other substance abuse problems
26
Q

Causes of severe alcohol use disorder:

A
  1. Precise cause in unknown
  2. There is a genetic influence – some studies suggest a 50 – 60% chance of developing a severe alcoholic use disorder problem
  3. Not all children of parents with severe alcohol use disorder become addicted
  4. Some factors such as growing up in a violent household and imitating peers
  5. Drinking heavily in teens are prone to developing alcohol problems later in life
  6. Denial and rationalization
27
Q

A variety of courses of treatment are available for severe alcohol use disorder

A
  1. Some people can recover without professional help
  2. These are often related to an alcohol related crisis – blackout, car crash, health problem or threat of being fired
  3. Not all people hit rock bottom to induce changing behaviour
  4. Some require a treatment program – no single treatment program works
28
Q

Females

Severe alcohol use disorder

A
  1. More females are low risk drinkers or abstain from using alcohol
  2. Tend to become addicted at a later age
29
Q

Males

Severe alcohol use disorder

A
  1. Caucasian men tend to start drinking in the late teens and early twenties – develop the disorder by late 30’s
  2. In later life may develop an alcohol use disorder in association with retirement, loss of friends and loved ones, boredom, illness or psychological disorders
30
Q

Helping Someone with an Alcohol Problem

A
  1. Requires skill and tact
    Eliminate the enabling behaviour
  2. Be open and honest
    Show you care
  3. People are usually reluctant to get help
    a) You cannot cure a friend’s drinking problem
    b) Guide them to appropriate help
31
Q

Examine Your Drinking Behaviour

Examine why you drink

A
  1. Lets me go with my friends
  2. Makes me less self-conscious and more social
  3. Feel less inhibited
  4. Relieves depression, anxiety, tension or worries
  5. Enables me to experience a different state of consciousness
32
Q

What are your reasons for drinking?

A

GAGE screening test
AUDIT questionnaire

33
Q

Drink Moderately and Responsibly

A

Some strategies:
1. Drink slowly

  1. Space your drinks
  2. Eat before and while drinking
  3. Know your limits and your drinks
34
Q

Promote Responsible Drinking

A
  1. Encourage responsible attitudes
  2. Be a responsible host
  3. Hold the drinker responsible
  4. Take community action

April 24 (31 decks)

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