12 - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia

(Curable)

A

Typically, people do not experience symptoms

Laboratory tests exposed to the bacteria for diagnosis

Treatment includes antibiotics

Is curable

Risk of reinfection is high – retest after three months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gonorrhea

(Curable)

A

In males – urethritis – burning urination sensation

Most females are asymptomatic

Detected by lab tests after exposure

Antibiotics are used to treat gonorrhea

Is curable

But drug resistance is becoming a problem

Can be reinfected if exposed to infected partner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

(Curable)

A

May experience pain, fever, chills and nausea

Symptoms begin or worsen with the onset of menses

Abnormal vaginal bleeding

Diagnosis made on basis of symptoms, physical examination, ultrasound and lab tests

Laparoscopy may be used to confirm diagnosis

Treatment should begin immediately (antibiotics)

Important that the female’s partner be treated

Is curable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Syphilis

(Curable)

A

Pathogen passes through any break in the tissues

Primary syphilis: chancre appears 10-90 days after exposure

Secondary syphilis: skin rash 3 – 6 weeks after the chancre

Hands and feet usually involved
Rash is highly contagious

Patchy hair loss, weight loss and flu-like symptoms

Tertiary syphilis – may appear 10-20 years after original infection

May damaged many of the organs of the body

Neurosyphilis – invades the nervous system at any time of the infection

Examination of infected tissues and blood test

All stages can be treated with antibiotics, but damage from neurosyphilis can be permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

(curable)

A

One of the most common in the world

Can cause genital warts and genital cancers
—–Causes ALL cervical cancers

Most have no symptoms – immune system may clear HPV on its own

Untreated warts grow into a “cauliflower-like” mass
—–In males – around the penis, in females around the labia or vulva and may progress to the perineum

Incubation may be one month to two years after infection

Diagnosis is on the appearance of the lesions

HPV detected on routine pap tests

Special tests are available to detect the presence of cancer-causing HPV infections

Warts may be removed by cryosurgery

May be treated surgically, electrical incision, freezing or laser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HSV1 is more common

A

you get cold sores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HSV2 is genital herpes

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Genital Herpes

(for life - no cure)

A

90% of infected people have no symptoms
Those who do see the lesions in 2 – 20 days

First episode usually causes flu like symptoms

Lesions tend to be itchy and painful
May cause pain on urination
Prodromal symptoms – precede recurring infections
May be caused by stress, illness, fatigue, sexual intercourse etc.

Sample of lesion fluid sent to lab for examination
Distinguish between HSV1 and HSV2 infection
No cure for herpes
Always inform sexual partners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HIV Infection and Aids

(no cure) - Has to be passed through blood

A

Populations of special concern for HIV infection:
1. Sexually active people
2. People who inject drugs
3. Men having sex with other men

Young men are particularly at risk:
1. Use of drugs and alcohol are strongly associated
2. Methamphetamines and “club drugs”
3. Recreational use of erectile dysfunction drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of HIV infection and Aids

A

Fever
Headache
Fatigue
Rashes
Swollen lymph nodes
Night sweats
Sore throat
Nausea
Ulcers in the mouth

When you get HIV infection or AIDS basically you start to lose white blood cells. And it seems to affect your immune system highly. And it can kind of seem like you’re getting the flu that just doesn’t seem to go away.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection and Aids

A

Diagnosed via blood test
No known cure for HIV

Antiretroviral therapy can extent life

Which can extend the quality of life and how long the person is going to live. But there is no cure. It’s again, kind of like herpes, where you try to bring down the like illness or infection as much as possible, but there’s no actually getting rid of it. Once it’s in your system. It stays there for life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prevention of HIV infection and Aids

A
  1. Correct and consistent use of condoms
  2. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
  3. Abstinence

How can you protect yourself
1. Careful choices about sexual activity – not sharing bodily fluids
2. Not sharing needles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hepatitis A, B and C

There is a vaccine for Hepatitis

No cure for HBV infection

A

Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV)

Most people will not develop symptoms
Normal incubation period is 30 – 180 days
Fever, body aches, chills and loss of appetite
Nausea, vomit, dark-coloured urine abdominal pain and jaundice
Most adults will recover, others may become chronic
Chronic hepatitis can cause cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer

Diagnosed by blood tests to determine liver function
No cure for HBV infection
Antiviral drugs and immune system modulators
The current vaccine is 95% effective

So it is important if you go into certain places in the world to get your vaccine.

t’s not as much of an issue here in Canada but in other parts of the world. You had much higher risk of attaining one of these especially through food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

(other STI)

A

Common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge
Healthy bacteria of the vaginal canal replaced by unhealthy bacteria
May be associated with sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pubic lice

(other STI)

A

Commonly called ”Crabs”
Parasitic infestation – treated with topical medications
Sometimes may require special treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Scabies

(other STI)

A

Like lice, however burrow into the tissue between the fingers

Often found in infested gloves

17
Q

Education

A

Most educational institutions have
—-STI counselling programs
—-Encourage the chance to practice safe sex
—-Have paid off in changing attitudes and sexual behaviours

STI hotlines and local health clinics
—Provide free confidential information and referral services

Position to educate others
—-Provides an opportunity to make a difference in your own wellness and the wellness of others

18
Q

Diagnosis and Treatment

A

Get vaccinated
Every sexually active person should be vaccinated for HBV
If travelling, get vaccinated for HAV
Men (9-26) and females (9-45) should be vaccinated for HPV

Be alert for symptoms
Be alert for any symptom of infection – rash, discharge or sores
Only physicians can make the diagnosis of an STI
Perform self-examinations

Get tested
If you are sexually active, get periodic STI checks (even if no symptoms)
If you have a risky sexual encounter – see a physician ASAP

19
Q

Diagnosis and Treatment 2

A

Inform your partners
It is not easy, but it is your obligation to inform partners of potential infection
Public health departments will notify sex partners of their possible exposure
Maintain confidence and anonymity

Get treatment
Treatments are safe and inexpensive
If being treated, follow instructions explicitly
If you are being treated, your partner needs treatment too

Prevention
STIs are preventable – abstinence is the only sure way not to become infected
If sexually active, think about prevention before your sexual encouters

20
Q

From High Risk to Low Risk for HIV infection and AIDS

A
  1. Unprotected anal sex
  2. Unprotected vaginal intercourse
  3. Oral sex
  4. Sharing of sex toys
  5. Use of a condom
  6. Hand-genital contact and deep kissing
  7. Sex with only one uninfected and totally faithful partner
  8. Activities that don’t involve the exchange of body fluids
  9. Abstinence
21
Q

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) is used interchangeably with the term sexually transmitted disease (STD) and is gradually replacing it.

A
22
Q

Chlamydia can cause epididymitis and urethritis in men;

A

in women, can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility if untreated.

23
Q

Untreated gonorrhea can cause PID in women and epididymitis in men,
—–Can also cause infertility

A
24
Q

PID is an infection of the uterus and oviducts and

A

Can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain

25
Q

Syphilis is a highly contagious bacterial infection

A

Can lead to deterioration of the central nervous system and death

(nervous system is not good at repairing itself. If damaged, usually permanent)

26
Q

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause genital warts and cervical cancer

(HPV is known for having genital warts)

A
27
Q

Genital herpes can cause painful blisters on the genitals

Remains in the body for life

A
28
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the immune system

Less able to resist infections

No cure for HIV

A
29
Q

Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are inflammation of the liver caused by sexual and non-sexual contact

A

Vaccines are available for HBV but not HCV

30
Q

Other infections include bacterial vaginosis, pubic lice and scabies

A
31
Q

Can contribute to the reduction of STIs by education, diagnosed for infections and practicing preventative strategies

A