1.3 Henry VII - Control of Finance Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three branches of government?

A
  1. household
  2. legal system
  3. parliament
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2
Q

what is the household branch of government?

A
  • centred around the monarch
  • the body from which Henry shoot his privy council
  • hated by nobles as it was not part of the legal system yet still inflicted fines
  • 1495 saw Stanley commit treason that caused Henry to withdraw into the household branch
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3
Q

what is the legal branch of government?

A
  • distributed justice
  • there were several branches of the legal system
  • the king’s bench: regular legal proceedings
  • common pleas court: ordinary people could approach the king and plea about an issue
  • council learned in the law (Empson and Dudley)
  • court of star chamber: set up by Henry in 1487 that prosecuted anyone who behaved in a rebellious manner
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4
Q

what was the parliament branch of the government?

A
  • just normal parliament
  • only sat when Henry called it
  • not idea generators, just supposed to do Henry’s bidding
  • main reason for calling was extraordinary revenue (Warbeck and Breton campaign)
  • other reasons included when they backdated Henry’s reign
  • sessions were typically short - longest in 1504 at 2.5 months and the shortest in 1491 at 2 weeks
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5
Q

who were Henry’s main advisors?

A
  1. John Morton: bishop of Ely, Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of Canterbury, used Morton’s fork which was like a catch 22
  2. Reginald Bray: head of the council learned in the law
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6
Q

what 2 rebellions did Henry face in his reign?

A
  • 1489: Yorkshire rebellion (as a result of the attack in Brittany)
  • 1497: Cornwall rebellion (as a result of the attack in Scotland)
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7
Q

who were the justices of the peace?

A

local minor gentry who were responsible for keeping peace in their respective areas

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8
Q

in what 3 ways did Henry expand the powers of the justices of the peace?

A
  1. 1485: powers extended to cover poaching and hunting
  2. 1491: powers extended to grant bail
  3. 1495: powers extended to vet juries
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9
Q

what happened in the north of England during Henry’s reign?

A
  • this is the area Henry was the most concerned about at it was the centre of richard III’s power
  • the Yorkshire rebellion in 1489 proved suspicions and saw the death of the Earl of Northumberland
  • the Earl of suffolk manned the north from 1489 onwards
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10
Q

what happened in Wales during Henry’s reign?

A
  • traditionally a tricky region but didn’t pose a threat as it was the home of the Tudors
  • council of wale and the marches had welshmen appointed to it as well as Jasper
  • efficient government was developed on the English-Welsh border
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11
Q

what happened in Ireland during Henry’s reign?

A
  • England owned the pale (Dublin area)
  • 1494: Poyning’s law was instated named after Edward Poyning, Henry’s Lord Deputy in Ireland
  • it was an attempt to undermine the Irish parliament by getting the English government to ratify Irish laws
  • it completely failed and by 1496 Kildare had resumed power
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12
Q

what are the differences between finances and economy?

A

Finances refers to Henry’s personal income.
Customs duties are a link between finance and economy - Henry is allowed to collect customs duties for life which are based on imports and exports.

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13
Q

what were the 6 main sources of income for Henry?

A
  1. crown lands
  2. feudal dues
  3. custom duties
  4. revenue from nobility
  5. foreign policy
  6. extraordinary revenue

  1. he was the biggest landowner in the country - he used the act of resumption to return all crown lands that had been given away during the war of the roses. By the end of his reign he receives 42,000 compared to 12,000 from crown lands
  2. took the profits whilst completing wardship of lands, made him 300 pounds at the beginning of his reign compared to 6000 per year at the end
  3. regular source of income
  4. all your examples from the nobles
  5. received 745,000 crowns from France to leave Brittany in the treaty of Etaples
  6. granted by parliament in emergencies but used with caution due to rebellions
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14
Q

what is a stat to show Henry’s finances increased but were still limited?

A

by the end of his reign he was 20x richer than the richest noble
however England still had about an eighth of the income of France (113,000 per year for Henry compared to 800,000 for Charles)
finances increased but popularity did not as the nobility wanted war and not stinginess

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