1.2Early Challenges To The Republic Flashcards
What was the armistice and when was it signed?
11 November 1918-was agreement to stop fighting
What was the treat if Versailles? and when was it signed?
1919, signed in the French palace of Versailles. Treaty was ‘diktat’ imposed, not agreed.
Article 231 on treaty said Germany were to blame for war
What were the terms of the treaty?
reparations pay £6.6 billion
lost land article 119 , west Prussia and Posen given to Poland. Ruhr demilitarised(contained rich materials)
** lost military** band tanks, 100,000 troops for army, air forces disbanded, naval limited to 6 battleships
What was the dolchstoss belief?
Germana didn’t think they were defeated in the war. But the army was betrayed by politicians .
How was the weimar republic perceived after treaty of Versailles?
They became known as November criminals
What were the challenges from the left and right for Weimar Republic?
Right wing
-Nazi party
-national party
Left wing
-communist party
What were the beliefs of the extreme left wing?
-aimed at working class
- opposed capitalism
- want Germany controlled by people
-tax redistributed opportunities (all equal)
Who were the extreme right wings?
-support business
-believe people should look after himself
-benefit middle and upper class
-nation over individuals
-want strong army
What was the spartacist revolt?
1918-5 jan. Left wings,Lead by Rosa luxemburg and Karl liebknecht. After Emil, popular police chief sacked. Called for an uprising and strike in Berlin. Seizing government newspapers
13 jan, ebert used freikorps to drive them if streets. 16 jan leaders killed
What were the freikorps?
Right wings who strongly opposed communism, who can military experience . Reichswer officers organised by ebert to demolish spartacist
(Numbered 250,000 by March 1919)
What was the Kapp putsch?
-1920 (right wing uprise) ebert disbanded freikorps. Making them fear unemployment . Made them oppose Weimar with hostility m. Led by Wolfgang kapp. Marched into Berlin, decreasing a new national government.
Weimar encouraged workers to strike. As Gad socialist believes they did. Putting the capital in Berlin to a halt. Kapp fled. Was captured then killed. Collapsing rebellion
Explain the occupation of Ruhr in 1923?
In 1923 Germany was bankrupt and could not pay reparations(give coal to France).. so t gave Belgium and France legal right to occupy Ruhr. Seizing raw materials
So German government urged resistance through strikes
Although thiiis and the fact that 80% of German coal, iron and steel reserves were taken. Increases German debts and unemployment, aAnd good shortages.causing inflation=== hyperinflation
What were the effect of hyperinflation?
-imposible to live normally: poeoke payed twice a day before inflation increased, people raided shops as they couldn’t afford food.
-all suffer from shortages: by 1923 £1 was 29 billion marks. Suppliers refused ti accept marks
-savings: money became worthless, affect middle class. Value of loans went down. So big business profited. Value of foreign currency rose.
