1229 Exam 7: communicable diseases and immunization

Question 0

Chicken pox tx

Answer 0

Calamine and zinc oxide
Oatmeal bath
Oral and topical Benadryl
Acetaminophen

Question 1

Chicken pox (varicella)

Answer 1

Highly contagious, droplet contact
S/S low grade, fever, malaise and diminished appetite
Pruritic macular rash- 3 stages (papule, vesicle, crust.)
Rash profuse on trunk, sparse on extremities.
Contagious until 6 days after crust stage.

Question 2

Avoid _______________in young children due to Reye’s risk.

Answer 2

ASA- aspirin

Question 3

Avoid using creams and ointments with _________________?

Answer 3

Hydrocortisone

Question 4

Used with immunodeficiency

Answer 4

Acyclovir

Question 5

Problems if pregnant

Answer 5

Neurological damage-maternal

Fetal- encephalitis, eye damage, bladder damage

Question 6

Influenza

Answer 6

Air borne 
Highly contagious 
Fever above 102
Central headache
Fatigue
Joint aches
Runny/stuffy nose 
Sore throat 
Cough
Gastric vomiting

Question 7

Common serious complication

Answer 7

Pneumonia

Question 8

Influenza tx

Answer 8

Rest with increase fluid intake. Treat fever and aches.

Anti viral meds

Question 9

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Answer 9

Tamiflu and Relenza

Question 10

Diphtheria

Answer 10

Contagious disease spread by direct physical contact or breathing airborne secretions of infected individuals.
Caused by Corynebacterium Diphtheria.

Question 11

Diphtheria s/s

Answer 11

Swollen neck "bull neck"
Fatigue 
Mild sore throat 
Fever 
Dysphasia
Vomiting

Question 12

Diphtheria tx

Answer 12

Anti toxin
Antibiotic- penicillin g and erythromycin
Bedrest

Question 13

Measles (rubeola)

Answer 13

Highly communicable infectious disease, spread by secretions, blood, saliva, urine of infected person.
Nicknamed “red measles”

Question 14

Rubeola s/s

Answer 14

Fever
Runny nose/congestion 
Brassy cough
Red eyes
Koplik spots on buccal mucosa

Question 15

Spots look like little grains of white sand surrounded by red ring, found inside the check toward back of mouth.

Answer 15

Koplik spots

Question 16

Complications of Rubeola

Answer 16

Most common- otitis media
Pneumonia
Uncommon- encephalitis

Question 17

Rubella (German measles)

Answer 17

Known as three day measles , contagious viral infection, distinctive red rash

Question 18

Rubella incubation period

Answer 18

14-21 days

Question 19

Rubella rash

Answer 19

Starts on face spreads to trunk and limbs and fades after three days

Question 20

Rubella s/s

Answer 20

Mild fever
Headache 
Stuffy/runny nose 
Red swollen eyes
Swollen lymph nodes 
Rash- red/pink

Question 21

Rubella tx

Answer 21

Comfort measures

MMR vaccination

Question 22

Pertussis (whopping cough)

Answer 22

Highly contagious bacterial disease that last about 6 weeks.
Whoop is sound made after a cough.

Question 23

Pertussis s/s

Answer 23

Runny nose 
Congestion
Sneezing 
Mild cough
Fever- low grade
Severe cough after 1-2 weeks- cause SOB, vomiting

Question 24

Pertussis tx

Answer 24

``` Antibiotics- azithromycin Oxygen Adequate fluids Droplet precaution S/s of respiratory distress Place infant on side Humidifier ```

Question 25

Poliomyelitis (polio)

Answer 25

Acute viral infectious disease spread through fecal oral route. Inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord.

Question 26

Polio three types

Answer 26

Abortive None paralytic Paralytic

Question 27

Abortive

Answer 27

No paralysis, no long term effects. Last few hours to days. Fever, HA, loss of appetite. 95% area boring

Question 28

None paralytic

Answer 28

Same symptoms but more severe including severe pain and stiff neck. No paralysis, about 4% none paralytic.

Question 29

Paralytic

Answer 29

Similar to previous two but with a recovery period following paralysis. About 1%

Question 30

___________% are asymptomatic

Answer 30

90

Question 31

Polio tx

Answer 31

Relief of symptoms Antibiotic prevent infections Analgesics Physical therapy

Question 32

Polio complications

Answer 32

``` Respiratory arrest Hypertension UTI Pulmonary edema Bone fractures ```

Question 33

Mumps (parotitis)

Answer 33

Transmitted through saliva of infected person.

Question 34

Mumps s/s

Answer 34

``` Painful swelling of parotids Fever Headache Orchitis- swelling of testicles Dry mouth Malaise and anorexia ```

Question 35

Mumps tx

Answer 35

``` Symptomatic care Analgesics Droplet precautions Rest and decrease activity Fluid intake Orchitis- apply warm compress, rest, snug underwear ```

Question 36

Avoid_________or__________ since they stimulate the parotids and increase neck pain.

Answer 36

Fruit juice ; acidic foods

Question 37

Mumps complications

Answer 37

``` Infection in other organ systems Sterility -30% Spontaneous abortion -27% Mild meningitis -10% Oophoritis- 5% Pancreatitis- 4% Encephalitis- 1% ```

Question 38

Scarlet fever

Answer 38

Bright "strawberry red" color rash, covers chest, armpits, behind ears. Sunburn look. Circumoral pallor.

Question 39

Scarlet fever s/s

Answer 39

``` Rash Chills Vomiting Fever Headache Stomach pain Halitosis Increased pulse ```

Question 40

Fifth disease

Answer 40

``` Viral: Low grade fever Headache Cold like symptoms Bright red rash appears after few days- face, trunk, arms, legs Swollen glands Red eyes Sore throat Diarrhea Rare blister like rash Joint pain and swelling ```

Question 41

Fifth disease tx

Answer 41

``` Supportive only Fluids Acetaminophen Rest NSAIDS- arthritis symptoms ```