1229 Exam 5: Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards
An infection that can be transferred from one person to another through sexual contact
Can be bacterial, viral, protozoa, or ectoparasites
Organisms that can live outside the body like lice
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Means that a germ that can cause sickness is present inside a person’s body and may not cause any adverse effects
Infection
Means that the infection is actually causing the infected person to feel sick, or to notice something is wrong
Disease
Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis PID Group B Strep
Bacterial
Caused by infection
Most common STI
Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis)
Risk Factors of Chlamydia
Sexually active women under 20
Women or men with multiple sex partners
People who do not use a barrier form of birth control
Symptoms of Chlamydia
Often asymptomatic and lack abnormal findings (Silent Disease) If symptoms present, usually appear several weeks after exposure: -Cervicitis -Urthritis Lower back pain Painful sex Burning urination Bleeding between periods
Complications of Chlamydia
PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) Ectopic pregnancy Infertility Increase risk for other STIs Reactive arthritis
Screening for Chlamydia
CDC recommends screening:
- All sexually active women 25 yrs or younger
- All pregnant women
- Men who have sex with men
- Anyone with symptoms
- Anyone who had sex with someone recently treated/tested positive for Chlamydia
- Multiple sex partners
Diagnosis for Chlamydia
Culture testing
NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test)
-Vaginal swabs
-Urine specimen
Treatment for Chlamydia
Doxycycline 100mg BID x 7 days Azithromycin 1 gram PO x 1 dose Abstain from sex for 1 week Pregnant: -Erythromycin for 7 days -Amoxicillin for 7 days
Management for Chlamydia
Treat all partners
Do not need retested unless pregnant
Abstain from sex until finished with antibiotics
Take all medications as directed
Can get it again even after being treated, so just retreat them with antibiotics
Newborn Chlamydia
Neonatal conjunctivitis
-Clear water discharge
-Develops 5 days to 2 weeks after birth
-Complications: Conjunctival scarring, corneal microgranulations
Pneumonia:
-Repetitive staccato cough, tachpnea, rales, hyperinflation
Treatment:
-Erythromycin orally or Sulfonamide orally for 2-3 weeks
Caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium, neisseria gonorrhoeae that can infect both males and females
Oldest communicable disease
Reportable to the CDC
Gonorrhea
Risk Factors for Gonorrhea
Sexually active teens and young adults
Symptoms of Gonorrhea
May be asymptomatic
Women: Painful or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between periods
Men: burning sensation when urinating, or a white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis that usually appears 1 to 14 days after infection, occasional swollen testicles
Can get in the throat
Complications of Gonorrhea
PID Infertility Chronic pelvic pain Internal abscess Ectopic pregnancy Epididimytitis Increase the risk of contracting HIV
Diagnosis for Gonorrhea
Culture testing Gram stain (males) NAAT -Vaginal swabs -Urine specimen
Treatment for Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone 125mg IM x 1 OR Cefisime 400mg PO x 1 PLUS: Azithromycin 1 gram PO x 1 OR Doxycycline 100mg PO BID x 7 days PREGNANT: Azithromycin 2 grams
Newborn Gonorrhea
Blindness or Conjunctivitis Gonococcal joint infections Septicemia TREATMENT: -0.5% Erythromycin ointment to eyes within first hour of birth -Ceftriaxone IM
Caused by a sexually transmitted Treponema pallidum that can infect both males and females
Earliest described STI
Reportable to the CDC
Syphilis
Risk Factors for Syphilis
Sexually active individuals with out use of barrier methods
Primary Syphilis
Primary lesion (at site where Syphilis entered the body)
-The Chancre lasts for 5-90 days
-Begins as a painless papule and then progresses to shallow ulcer
Symptoms will resolve without treatment and progress to next stage
Secondary Syphilis
Widespread, maculopapular rash on the palms and soles
-Rough, red or reddish-brown
Lymphadenopathy
Fever, headache, malaise, patchy haïr loss
6 weeks to 6 months
-May appear when primary chancre is healing or weeks after primary chancre
Condylomata
-Large raised grey or white lesions to the vulva, perineum, or anus
Symptoms will resolve without treatment and progress to next stage