12.2 Infectious Disease Pathology Flashcards
where do you find bacterial meningitis?
subarachnoid space
what does “encephalitis” really mean?
infection within the brain parenchyma
when an infection involves both the brain parenchyma and the subarachnoid space
meningoencephalitis
what are microglial nodules? where are they seen?
small aggregates of chronic inflammatory cells (elongated microglial cells) viral encephalitis
bacteria and cut inflammation of the CSF circulating in the subarachnoid space is called:
bacterial meningitis
the CSF in bacterial meningitis shows: ________ protein, __________ glucose, ________, ___________
increased, decreased bacteria neutrophils
what are the short term and long term complications of bacterial meningitis?
short term: edema and vasculitis long term: subarachnoid fibrosis (hydrocephalus)
when do you see fibrosis in the brain?
brain abscess
in a brain abscess, you see a _________ center with _____, a ring of ________ _______ around and surrounding ______ and ______
necrotic, pus granulation tissue fibrosis and edema
what does a brain abscess look like on imaging?
a ring-enhancing lesion
what causes a brain abscess?
direct implantation or spread of bacteria to the brain
what are the features of an acute abscess histologically? Chronically, you can see _______.
neutrophil collection fibrosis
usually viral infections in the brain are (choose one): encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, just meninges
meningoencephalitis
histologically, what are most viral meningoencephalitis infections characterized by?
perivascular lymphocytes and microglial nodules
herpes simplex type 1 causes necrosis and hemorrhage of the ________ lobes
temporal
what do you see in imaging of Herpes encephalitis?
light colored lesions on the temporal lobes
what is the most likelt diagnosis
herpes encephalopathy
what do you see in histology of herpes encephalitis?
perivascular inflammation
Cowdry type A intracellular inclusions
what are these?
what disease is this?
Cowdry type A intracellular inclusions
herpes encephalitis
how does HIV make its way to the brain?
by attaching to CD4 on macrophages, which serve as a reservoir
what is distinct that is seen in HIV encephalitis?
multinucleated giant cells in a perivascular location
what does this show?
what infection is this most likely?
perivascular giant cells
HIV encephalitis
most of the patients that get fungal infection of the brain are ____________. The fungi are _________.
immunocompromised
opportunisic
cryptococcal meningitis is caused by what?
a budding yeast, cryptococcus
