12.1 Emotional Learning

Question 1

a stimulus that has inherent rewarding or punishing value (Pavlovian learning)

Answer 1

unconditioned stimulus

Question 2

eventually in Pavlovian conditioning, the __________ stimulus produces a __________ response

Answer 2

unconditioned

conditioned

Question 3

what is the role of the prefrontal cortex in extinction?

Answer 3

sends inhibitory connections to the amygdala to prevent the evaluation of a CS and imitation of a CR.

Question 4

what happens to learning and memory with chronic stress

Answer 4

detrimental learning to neutral information, increased emotional learning

Question 5

emotional learning requires an attribution of ______

Answer 5

value

Question 6

____________ (NT) is the brains currency for value

Answer 6

dopamine

Question 7

extinction is not _________ of the memory, but rather a:

Answer 7

erasure

a new form of learning

Question 8

deficit in emotional learning, especially fear/aversive stimuli. this could explain why they keep doing things again and again even if they are punished

Answer 8

borderline personality disorder

Question 9

what are the two ways in which emotional states instate strong bodily sensations?

Answer 9

1. direct connections from the amygdala to autonomic centers of brainstem and cerebrum
2. bundle of axons (stria terminales) that connects the amygdala to the hypothalamus

Question 10

positive or negative value is signaled by the ___________ system

Answer 10

dopaminergic

Question 11

the prefrontal cortex is __________ in PTSD

Answer 11

hypoactive

Question 12

what is the bundle of axons that connect the amygdala to the hypothalamus?

Answer 12

the stria terminalis

Question 13

a neutral stimulus that has no inherent value (Pavlovian learning)

Answer 13

conditioned stimulus

Question 14

extinction occurs when the ______ is repeated without pairing to the _____

Answer 14

CS, US

Question 15

the cellular mechanism of emotional learning is ______ in the ________

Answer 15

LTP

amygdala

Question 16

LTP in the amygdala is facilitated by ________ that disinhibits _________ neurons via _____ receptors

Answer 16

dopamine
GABAergic
D2

Question 17

the _______________ is involved in cognitive re-appraisal of an emotional event

Answer 17

medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)

Question 18

in the beginning, stress ________ learning in the hippocampus.

Answer 18

enhances

Question 19

emotions are coordinated _______/______ states

Answer 19

mind/body

Question 20

the amygdala is _________ in PTSD

Answer 20

hyperactive

Question 21

what part of the brain is involved in conscious emotion regulation strategies?

Answer 21

medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)