11.28 Hippocampus: learning and memory Flashcards
what is the most important role of the hippocampus?
consolidation of long term memories (to commit to memory, a way station)
_________ memory: the ability to keep “in mind” recent events or the moment-to-moment results of mental processing.
working memory
factual knowledge of people, places, or things.
explicit memory
***bilateral damage to the hippocampi would cause:
anterograde amnesia for events and facts
The blood supply of the hippocampus is from the
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
what is the main source of acetylcholine (production)?
basal nucleus and the reticular formation
degree of memory loss correlates to what NT level in the brain primarily?
Acetylcholine
inability to recall memories from the past
retrograde amnesia
_______: memory involving information about how to perform something (a skill).
implicit memory
lesions of the _______ hippocampus give rise to problems with spatial orientation (spatial navigation, recall)
right
major output of the hippocampus:
_____ –> mammillary bodies –> ______ nucleus of _______ –> _________ ________
fornix
anterior nucleus of thalamus
cingulate gyrus
what is the NT we connect with learning and memory?
Acetylcholine
where are long term explicit memories stored?
bits and pieces scattered around the brain, in various association areas.
what parts of the CNS are involved in explicit memory?
hippocampus
parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex
association areas
mammillary bodies send information to the _________ _______ of the ________
anterior nucleus
thalamus
lesions of the _______ hippocampus cause problems with verbal memory
left
list the 4 processes of explicit memory:
encode
consolidate
store
retrieve
where is working memory processed in the brain?
the frontal cortex
what parts of the CNS are involved in implicit memory?
motor cortex, amygdala, cerebellum
people who are unable to establish new long term memories (after the injury).
anterograde amnesia
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is due to a deficiency in ___________. What is shrunken?
thiamine
the mammillary bodies
this could be seen in chronic alcoholics and patients who have undergone gastric bypass
present with anterograde and retrograde amnesia, confabulation, ataxia, uneven pupils, hallucinations, confusion, nystagmus
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
