11.28 Hippocampus: learning and memory

Question 1

what is the most important role of the hippocampus?

Answer 1

consolidation of long term memories (to commit to memory, a way station)

Question 2

_________ memory: the ability to keep “in mind” recent events or the moment-to-moment results of mental processing.

Answer 2

working memory

Question 3

factual knowledge of people, places, or things.

Answer 3

explicit memory

Question 4

***bilateral damage to the hippocampi would cause:

Answer 4

anterograde amnesia for events and facts

Question 5

The blood supply of the hippocampus is from the

Answer 5

Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

Question 6

what is the main source of acetylcholine (production)?

Answer 6

basal nucleus and the reticular formation

Question 7

degree of memory loss correlates to what NT level in the brain primarily?

Answer 7

Acetylcholine

Question 8

inability to recall memories from the past

Answer 8

retrograde amnesia

Question 9

_______: memory involving information about how to perform something (a skill).

Answer 9

implicit memory

Question 10

lesions of the _______ hippocampus give rise to problems with spatial orientation (spatial navigation, recall)

Answer 10

right

Question 11

major output of the hippocampus:

_____ –> mammillary bodies –> ______ nucleus of _______ –> _________ ________

Answer 11

fornix
anterior nucleus of thalamus
cingulate gyrus

Question 12

what is the NT we connect with learning and memory?

Answer 12

Acetylcholine

Question 13

where are long term explicit memories stored?

Answer 13

bits and pieces scattered around the brain, in various association areas.

Question 14

what parts of the CNS are involved in explicit memory?

Answer 14

hippocampus
parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex
association areas

Question 15

mammillary bodies send information to the _________ _______ of the ________

Answer 15

anterior nucleus

thalamus

Question 16

lesions of the _______ hippocampus cause problems with verbal memory

Answer 16

left

Question 17

list the 4 processes of explicit memory:

Answer 17

encode
consolidate
store
retrieve

Question 18

where is working memory processed in the brain?

Answer 18

the frontal cortex

Question 19

what parts of the CNS are involved in implicit memory?

Answer 19

motor cortex, amygdala, cerebellum

Question 20

people who are unable to establish new long term memories (after the injury).

Answer 20

anterograde amnesia

Question 21

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is due to a deficiency in ___________. What is shrunken?

Answer 21

thiamine

the mammillary bodies

Question 22

this could be seen in chronic alcoholics and patients who have undergone gastric bypass
present with anterograde and retrograde amnesia, confabulation, ataxia, uneven pupils, hallucinations, confusion, nystagmus

Answer 22

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome