12.2 Bacterial Skin Infections Flashcards
Impetigo Contagiosa
- Caused by Staph
- Begins as red macules that become vesicles that fill with honey serous fluid
- When the vesicles rupture, they leave moist erosions on the skin which forms honey-colored crusts.
S/S
- Honey-colored crust
- Pruritis
Treatment
- Topical Bactericidal Ointment
- Penicillin
- Vancomycin for MRSA
- Usually heals without scarring as long as there is no secondary infections due to scratching or breaking skin
Complications
- Extremely contagious so when child presents with this disease, we need to be very careful with hand hygiene and maintaining cleanliness.
- TEACH PARENTS THAT IT IS EXTREMELY INFETIOUS AND THE NEED FOR HANDWASHING. CHILD SHOULD NOT TOUCH OR SCRATCH THEIR LESIONS OR TOUCH AREAS IN THEIR SURROUNDINGS
Cellulitis
- Caused by Strep or Staph
- Inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue which can cause intense redness, swelling, and firm infiltration.
- Can progress to an abscess under the skin (filled with pus)
S/S
- May have systemic effects such as fever, malaise, anorexia or may just be localized.
- Erythema, Fever, chills, lymphangitis, lethargy, edema, pain.
Treatment
- Oral antibiotics at home
- If systemic side effects are noted, they will need to be hospitalized and have systemic antibiotics.
Nursing Care
- Outline area of redness with a marker to see if the redness decreases as we continue antibiotics to tell if treatment options are effective
Risks
- Kids who play outside and get breaks in their skin, bacteria can get inside and cause cellulitis.
Complications
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) - Extension of cellulitis where epidermis looks wrinkled and large bullae forms. EXTREMELY PAINFUL
Scarlet Fever
- Caused by Group A Hemolytic Strep
- Occurs after a strep infection
- Incubation period of 1-7 days
Prodromal Phase
- High fever
- High HR
- Vomiting, Headache, Chills, Malaise
- Enlarged Tonsils
- Red with white patches
- Edematous beefy red Pharynx
First 1-2 Days
- Tongue is red coated with white pimples (White strawberry tongue)
4th-5th Day
- White sloughs off leaving Red Strawberry Tongue
Exanthema
- Red Pin-Head Lesions (typically not on face)
- Pallor on face
- After a week desquamation begins on hands and feet and torso will feel like sandpaper.
Furuncle and Carbuncle
- Extensions of folliculitis (infected hair follicle)
- Caused by Staph/MRSA
Furuncle - Large lesion with redness and swelling around a single hair follicle
Carbuncle - Lesions with widespread inflammation around multiple hair follicles
S/S
- Swelling
- Pus
- Itching
Treatment
- Warm Compress
- Antibiotics (both systemic and topical)
- Incision & Drainage (I&D) - Make sure you do not stand directly in front of area because pressure can build up and shoot out.