12.2 Bacterial Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Impetigo Contagiosa

A
  • Caused by Staph
  • Begins as red macules that become vesicles that fill with honey serous fluid
  • When the vesicles rupture, they leave moist erosions on the skin which forms honey-colored crusts.

S/S
- Honey-colored crust
- Pruritis

Treatment
- Topical Bactericidal Ointment
- Penicillin
- Vancomycin for MRSA

  • Usually heals without scarring as long as there is no secondary infections due to scratching or breaking skin

Complications
- Extremely contagious so when child presents with this disease, we need to be very careful with hand hygiene and maintaining cleanliness.
- TEACH PARENTS THAT IT IS EXTREMELY INFETIOUS AND THE NEED FOR HANDWASHING. CHILD SHOULD NOT TOUCH OR SCRATCH THEIR LESIONS OR TOUCH AREAS IN THEIR SURROUNDINGS

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2
Q

Cellulitis

A
  • Caused by Strep or Staph
  • Inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue which can cause intense redness, swelling, and firm infiltration.
  • Can progress to an abscess under the skin (filled with pus)

S/S
- May have systemic effects such as fever, malaise, anorexia or may just be localized.
- Erythema, Fever, chills, lymphangitis, lethargy, edema, pain.

Treatment
- Oral antibiotics at home
- If systemic side effects are noted, they will need to be hospitalized and have systemic antibiotics.

Nursing Care
- Outline area of redness with a marker to see if the redness decreases as we continue antibiotics to tell if treatment options are effective

Risks
- Kids who play outside and get breaks in their skin, bacteria can get inside and cause cellulitis.

Complications
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) - Extension of cellulitis where epidermis looks wrinkled and large bullae forms. EXTREMELY PAINFUL

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3
Q

Scarlet Fever

A
  • Caused by Group A Hemolytic Strep
  • Occurs after a strep infection
  • Incubation period of 1-7 days

Prodromal Phase
- High fever
- High HR
- Vomiting, Headache, Chills, Malaise
- Enlarged Tonsils
- Red with white patches
- Edematous beefy red Pharynx

First 1-2 Days
- Tongue is red coated with white pimples (White strawberry tongue)
4th-5th Day
- White sloughs off leaving Red Strawberry Tongue

Exanthema
- Red Pin-Head Lesions (typically not on face)
- Pallor on face
- After a week desquamation begins on hands and feet and torso will feel like sandpaper.

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4
Q

Furuncle and Carbuncle

A
  • Extensions of folliculitis (infected hair follicle)
  • Caused by Staph/MRSA

Furuncle - Large lesion with redness and swelling around a single hair follicle

Carbuncle - Lesions with widespread inflammation around multiple hair follicles

S/S
- Swelling
- Pus
- Itching

Treatment
- Warm Compress
- Antibiotics (both systemic and topical)
- Incision & Drainage (I&D) - Make sure you do not stand directly in front of area because pressure can build up and shoot out.

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