12 - RESEARCH Flashcards
A systematic approach to increase or utilize existing knowledge in order to come up or understand new concepts
Research
Research that involves the collection, analysis, and computation of numerical data
Quantitative Research
Numerical data which are counted variables
Discrete Data
Numerical data which are measured with infinite values
Continuous Data
Quantitative Approaches
- Descriptive Design
- Correlational Design
- Quasi-Experimental Design/Causal-Comparative
- Experimental Design
Describes the phenomenon through observation without manipulating the variables
Descriptive Design
Investigates the relationship between variables through observation
Correlational Design
Identifies the causal relationship of two or more variables by comparing results of a variable exposed to a control group and a variable not exposed to the control group
Quasi-Experimental Design/Causal-Comparative
Also identifies the causal relationship of multiple variables by manipulating them through independent and dependent effects
Experimental Design
Research that involves the study of empirical data through means of case studies, personal experience, introspection, life story interviews, artifacts, cultural texts, and productions
Qualitative Research
Qualitative Approaches
- Ethnography
- Narrative
- Phenomenological
- Grounded Theory
- Case Study
Seeks to collect first-hand experiences of a sample and understand their goals, cultures, motivations, and themes
Ethnography
- Focuses on an individual’s background by exploring data collected directly and in relative form from the individual
- The results are not restricted to chronological order
Narrative
- Focuses on explaining a phenomenon from multiple types of sources such as interviews, documents, etc
- The common sample size for this approach is 5-24
Phenomenological
Investigates a theory relating to an event with data from interviews and documents, typically in a sample size of 20-60
Grounded Theory
This approach focuses on a singular event by either exploring, investigating, or describing it with the use of interviews, documents, reports, or observations
Case Study
Other ways of classifying research methods according to Russel Schutt
- Deductive Research
- Inductive Research
- Descriptive Research
Tests the validity of a theory
Deductive Research
Produces a new theory from collecting data
Inductive Research
Generalizations are made from existing data
Descriptive Research
Essential Parts of a Research
- Title
- Abstract
- Introduction and Statement of the Problem
- Literature Review
- Limitations of the Study
- Materials
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion/Conclusion
- Summary
- Acknowledgement
- Reference/Bibliography
Describes concisely the contents of the paper
Title
Summarizes the major elements of a paper
Abstract
Provide context and rationale for the study
Introduction and Statement of the Problem
Uncovers what other writers have written about the topic.
This includes what is known about the subject and how the knowledge was acquired
Literature Review
- Indicates what the research intends to do and what are they not going to attempt
- The researcher may limit the scope of the paper by any number of factors, time, personnel, gender, age, geographic location, and nationality
Limitations of Study
- Describe the experimental design so it is reproducible
- Work product in any tangible form created or developed during the course of the research activity
Materials
Describe the experimental procedures
Methods
Summarize the findings without interpretation
Results
Interprets the findings of the study
Discussion/Conclusion
Summarizes the findings
Summary
Gives credit to those who helped the researchers
Acknowledgement
Lists all scientific papers, books, and websites that have been cited
Reference/Bibliography
