12/14/12 Flashcards
What disease are ash leaf spots associated with?
tuberous sclerosis
Briefly describe the growth pattern in constitutional growth delay.
normal birth ht. and wt.; drops percentiles between 6 mos and 3 yrs.; regains normal growth rate at a low percentile; puberty is delayed; normal adult ht. is achieved.
What test can be used to Dx constitutional growth delay? Findings?
bone scan; delayed bone age
What is the pathofizz of breast milk jaundice? When does it usu. peak?
A factor in human breast milk causes increased absorption of bilirubin. 2 wks.
What is the next best step in breast milk jaundice?
cease breast feeding
What is bullous myringitis?
formation of bullae on tympanic membrane as a complication of otitis media
What pathogen is most associated with bullous myringitis?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What is the most likely long-term complication of vesicoureteral reflux if left untreated?
renal scarring –> may lead to end-stage kidney disease
What is the besy diagnositc test for vesicoureteral reflux?
voiding cystourethrogram
What imaging study should be done routinely in first UTI?
US
Which children should undergo voiding cystourethrogram?
recurrent febrile UTIs
What are the 2 major concerns in a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?
neurovascular injury and compartment syndrome?
Which complication of supracondylar fracture would be associated with the 6 P’s: severe pain, pallor, poikilothermia, parasthesias, and later, pulselessness and paralysis?
compartment syndrome
What is craniosynostosis?
sutures close earlier than usual
What heart defect would cause a child to tire easily with a widely split, fixed S2 and a systolic ejection murmur at the left lower sternal border?
ASD
What are the typical murmurs of VSD?
pansystolic murmur `at left lower sternal border and diastolic rumble @ apex
Should vaccines be given to premies according to their chronological or gestational age?
chronological
What is the exception to the usual rule for premie vaccination schedule?
Do not give HBV vaccine until 2 kg.
What is the most common congenital cause of aplastic anemia in children?
Fanconi’s Anemia
What are some physical appearance abnormalities of Fanconi’s anemia?
short stature, microcephaly, hypogonadism, hypopigmented areas/freckles.
Numerous genes have been implicated in Fanconi’s anemia. What process are all of these genes involved in?
DNA repair
How do you Dx Fanconi’s anemia?
clinical findings + chromosomal breaks on genetic analysis
What is the definitive Tx for aplastic anemia?
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
5-15% of pts with thymoma have _______ aplasia.
pure red cell
What is the inheritance pattern of Fanconi’s anemia?
AR
What are the most common pathogens of viral meningitis?
non-polio enteroviruses, e.g. echo- and coxsackieviruses
What vitamin should be administered to children w/ measles in underceveloped regions?
Vit. A
