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Willys Flashing > 11.8 > Flashcards

11.8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fire zone?

A

An area requiring detection and/or fire extinguishing equipment as well as high level of fire resistance

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2
Q

Which areas are fire zones?

A

-APU
-baggage/ cargo
-lavatories
-electrical/ electronic equipment compartments
-wheel wells
-bleed air ducts

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3
Q

What fire detectors are more common in turbo prop/ reciprocating engines?

A

-overheat detectors
-rate of temp rise detectors
-flame detectors
-observation by crew members

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4
Q

What fire protection systems are on large turbine aircraft?

A

-Rate of temp rise detectors
-radiation sensing detectors
-smoke detectors
-overheat detectors
-carbon monoxide detectors
-combustible mixture detectors
-optical detectors
-observation

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5
Q

Where are overheat warnings?

A

Areas of high temperatures that may lead to a fire

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6
Q

What are the most common sensing devices?

A

-thermal switches
-thermocouples
-continuing loop sensing elements

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7
Q

How does a thermal switch system work?

A

Lights operated by a thermocouple

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8
Q

What is a continuous loop system?

A

Used on large commercial aircraft
The common types:
-thermistor kindle/fenwell
-pneumatic pressure Lingberg/ meggit

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9
Q

What is the fenwell system?

A

An inconel tube with a thermally sensitive eutectoid salt and a nickel wire centre conductor

A small current is passed through this and can drop in resistance when exposed to high temperatures

A conductive path is established

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10
Q

How does a kiddle system differ?

A

There are two wires imbedded

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11
Q

What is a dual loop system?

A

It diminishes the chance of of a false reading by creating a system where both have to read that there is a fire

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12
Q

What is a pneumatic continuous loop system?

A

Operates on a principle of a contained gas expanding due to heat exposure
Used in:

-engine overheat
-fire detection on commercial aircraft

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13
Q

What are the two sensing functions of a pneumatic continuous loop system?

A

-the overall average temperature threshold
-detecting localised discrete temperature increase that is caused by flames or gas

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14
Q

How does the overall average temperature sensing function work?

A

-measured expansion of contained helium

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15
Q

How does the discrete temperature sensing function work on pneumatic close loop systems?

A

-hydrogen filled core
-hydrogen is released when a small section of the tube is heated to a pre set temperature for 5 seconds
-the sensing function is reversible

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16
Q

What are common faults with fire detection systems?

A

-intermittent alarm is caused by and intermittent short
-it can sound with no fire
-sharp bends can cause shorts
-moisture Less commonly

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17
Q

What are the two basic types of smoke detectors?

A

-photo electric
-ionisation

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18
Q

How does a refraction photo electric system function?

A

Smoke causes refraction

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19
Q

How does an ionisation type smoke detector function?

A

-there is a very small amount of radioactive material on one side
-the electrode opposite detects ionised nitrogen and oxygen smoke reduces this

20
Q

What type of detector is used in cargo bays?

A

Optical

21
Q

How does an optical smoke detector function?

A

-An LED sends out light
-air is sucked into the detector
-smoke effects the light refraction

22
Q

When must a lavatory smoke detector be installed?

A

When there are 20 or more passengers

23
Q

What are the fire zones?

A

-engines
-APU
-baggage / cargo
-lavatories

24
Q

What must be done by a fire detection system?

A

Rapidly detect fire but not necessarily deploy the extinguisher

25
Q

What is the most common extinguisher on board an aircraft?

A

Halon 1301

26
Q

What are the characteristics of fire extinguisher bottles?

A

-Liquid halogen pressurised by nitrogen
-temperature/ pressure relief diagram
-it contains a discharge valve

27
Q

What are the two types of of cartridge disk-relief method?

A

-standard
-high temperature/ hermetically sealed

28
Q

What are discharge indicators and their types?

A

Visual evidence of discharge
-thermal indicator (red)
-discharge indicator (yellow)

29
Q

What is the purpose of a thermal discharge indicator?

A

To show when an indicator has been expelled overboard due to excesive heat

30
Q

What is the purpose of a discharge indicator?

A

When the fire crew activate the extinguisher a yellow dish shows visually that it has happened

31
Q

How does the engine fire systems function?

A

-It is electrically operated after manual selection by flight crew after fire detection
-regulation states it must be ‘two shot’
-a pipe with a spray nozzle at the engine

32
Q

What occurs when the fire push button is pressed?

A

-the engine driven generator is switched off
-all associated bleed air valves close
-low pressure fuel shut off valve closes
-central warning system gets a signal and updates the flight deck display
-finally the firing circuits are armed and ready to fire

33
Q

When must the second bottle be discharged?

A

If the fire is still present after 30 seconds

34
Q

What occurs when the agent push button is pressed?

A

A squib is heated exploding the cartridge rupturing the tangible disk

35
Q

What precautions are taken against HIRF on squibs?

A

-screening of sensitive cables
-HIRF on filters
-place in faraday cage
-ensure good bonding

36
Q

How does the lavatory fire extinguisher system function?

A

-Halon 1301
-76 degrees the seal melts

37
Q

How many fire extinguishers are needed per number of seats?

A

7-30 / 1
31-60 / 2
61-200 / 3
201-300 / 4
301-400 / 5
401-500 / 6
501-600 / 7
600 + / 8

38
Q

What type of fire extinguishers are used on on aircraft and why?

A

Halogenated hydrocarbons

Low toxicity, no residue, non conductive

Halon 1301
Halon 1211

Class A, B, C can be used

39
Q

What is replacing halon?

A

-HCFC blend B
-HFC- 227ea
-HFC- 236fa

40
Q

Where is CO2 used?

A

On the ramp

41
Q

What are the advantages of CO2 and where can it be used?

A

Can be used in the engine or APU externally
fluid/ electrical
non reactive and non combustible
It smothers as its 1.5x heavier than air

42
Q

Why are dry powder extinguishers less useful?

A

They require clean up

43
Q

What is a class A compartment?

A

-you can visually identify smoke
-they are accessible in flight
-there is a presence of extinguishing systems

44
Q

What is a class B compartment?

A

-there is sufficient access in flight
-when accessed a hazardous quantity of smoke flames or extinguisher will enter the cabin
-each compartment is equipped with a fire detector
-portable extinguishers can be used

45
Q

What is a class C compartment?

A

-there is a separate smoke detector
-there is a separate built in extinguisher
-smoke and fumes are contained
-ventilation can be controlled

46
Q

What is a class E compartment?

A

-it has a separate smoke detector
-ventilation can be shut
-smoke is prevented from cabin
-If there is a fire emergency exits are still accessible

Willys Flashing (24 decks)

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