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Willys Flashing > 11.3 > Flashcards

11.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between Pratt truss and warrent truss?

A

Pratt type have longerons supported by wood struts and wires
Warren truss have longerons exclusively attached by with diagonal members load can be transferred from tension to compression.

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2
Q

What are the benefits of stressed skin fuselage?

A

All loads carried on skin can be built clean and smooth

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3
Q

What construction does a pressurised fuselage have?

A

Almost all are semi monocoque

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4
Q

What is a pressurised aircraft sealed with?

A

Two part polysufide sealant

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5
Q

Where is sealant applied to pressurised aircraft?

A

Skin joints, seams, repairs and patches.

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6
Q

How is sealant typically applied to aircraft fuselage?

A

Faying
Fillet

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7
Q

What is faying sealing?

A

A fay is an overlapping pieces of metal with a bead of sealant placed between them

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8
Q

What is a fillet seal?

A

Two metals join eg. stringer to skin.

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9
Q

How are electrical cables sealed?

A

Specially designed rubber or silicone

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10
Q

How are wings attached to the fuselage?

A
  • Either above or below the fuselage
  • fuselage can be cut to accept a centre wing section
  • strong fuselage frames or bulkheads are used in attachment and transfer stress
  • fittings/ lugs are mounted on frame and on forward + aft wing spars
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11
Q

How are vertical and horizontal stabilisers attatched?

A

-Similar to wings
- vertical bolted fittings on a frame member or bulkhead
- stabiliser front and rear spar

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12
Q

How are pylons attatched?

A

The pylon has upper middle and lower spars which transfers thrust to wing spars it is contained in nacelle with firewall

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13
Q

How is landing gear attatched?

A

It is connected to wing spars or an attachment connected to spars

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14
Q

What is the construction of wheel wells?

A

They are strong box like structures sometimes walls are bulkheads

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15
Q

What are the tracks for seats used names?

A

L or I tracks

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16
Q

What are the benefits of seat rails?

A
  • adjustable
  • galleys can be moved and installed
    -easy removal
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17
Q

What do cargo transport components in cargo loading systems include?

A

-ball mats
-ball trays
-roller mats
-doorsill protectors

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18
Q

What do guidance components in cargo loading bays include?

A

-guide rails
-side rails
-centreline splitters
-door guides
-protection guides
-overideable centre guides

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19
Q

What do restraining and locking components in cargo loading systems include?

A

-Cargo locks
-Outboard and centreline restraints
-forward and aft end stops

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20
Q

What do the cargo components allow for in the ball mat area?

A

Movement in any direction

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21
Q

Which directions in loading or drive components allow for movement in?

A

Longitudinal (one direction)

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22
Q

What is the function of the anti roll out (ARO) device?

A

Stopping cargo rolling out the aircraft and protecting the doorsill that functions automatically

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23
Q

What are the main entry doors and their design?

A

Plug type
quick, safe and effective unloading or loading of people

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24
Q

What are service doors and their design?

A

Non plug type
Servicing the aircraft

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25
Q

What are cargo doors and their design?

A

Non plug type
Doors to the cargo compartment

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26
Q

What is a plug type door?

A

Seals itself in with pressure once pressurised

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27
Q

What is a non plug type door?

A

It has a lock mechanism to hold it in place and swings outwards

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28
Q

What are the features of main entry doors?

A

Left and right sides, the left are primarily used for load and right primarily galley servicing the doors have visual identification warning systems and they can be used for emergency exits

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29
Q

How is a door structured?

A

It has a riveted assembly similar to structural members containing beams which are the main structures, formers which connect parts and attach brackets as well as intercostals which give additional rigidity

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30
Q

What is the function of a pressure stop fitting in a door?

A

It’s an adjustable fitting which holds the door when pressurised

31
Q

What are door seals made of?

A

cloth and glass fibre reinforced rubber

32
Q

What are the common door seal shapes?

A

-bulb
-diaphragm
-flat type/ blade
-multi form

33
Q

When must a flight deck door be resistant and lockable?

A

When there are greater then 60 people on board or 45000 kilo weight

34
Q

On small passenger aircraft what must be done to the door?

A

It must be resistant to penetration and access must only be possible if opened normally

35
Q

In terms of locking and unlocking flight deck doors what must be done?

A

Left locked unless for legitimate reason it may be opened only for long enough that one person can pass through

36
Q

What is used in construction of flight doors?

A
  • Glass reinforced polymers
  • Kevlar dyneema
  • laminates of high strength
37
Q

What is installed on a flight deck door to aid in a jammed door situation?

A

A decompression flap which is opened manually from inside

38
Q

How does the bulk cargo door differ from other doors?

A

It manually opens inwards and is plug type

39
Q

What takes the weight of the cargo door?

A

Counter balance springs

40
Q

What material is used in passenger windows on pressurised aircraft?

A

2 external acrylic windows and one internal non structural plastic

41
Q

How does the inner pane differ on passenger windows?

A

There is a small vent hole near the bottom to ensure the pressure between the panels is the same and prevents misting

42
Q

What windows and structure of windows are in the flight deck?

A
  • Six evenly spaced
  • two forward aka windscreen
  • side windows can slide open and be used as emergency exits
43
Q

What is the construction of flight deck windows?

A

Laminations of tempered glass and plastic with usually a glass heated outer most layer

44
Q

How are the sliding windows constructed?

A

2 layers of stretched acrylic

45
Q

What can delamination and bubbles in windows indicate?

A

Small bubbles in the vinyl layer are not structurally dangerous and are not delaminations but can indicate an issue with heater control systems

46
Q

What are the three wing design constructions?

A

Mono-spar
Multi-spar
Box Beam

47
Q

What is the structure of mono-spar wings?

A

One spanwise longitudinal member with ribs and spars to add necessary contour and shape

48
Q

What is the construction of the multi-spar wing?

A

More than one longitudinal member with connecting bulkheads to add structure

49
Q

What is the construction of a box beam wing?

A

It has two main longitudinal members with bulkheads to provide contour to the wing

50
Q

What are wing spars?

A

The principal structural members of the wing

51
Q

What is commonly built into the construction of the spar web?

A

A fail safe design

52
Q

What is the skins role in the wing?

A

Takes the loads of flight and follows the stressed skin principle

53
Q

What are the basic fuel tanks?

A
  • rigid removable
  • flexible bladder
  • integral
54
Q

What are the characteristics of rigid removable tanks?

A

-commonly used in light aircraft
-riveted together frequently welded and include baffles
-must be supported by the airframe and held in place by padded straps
- often in wings
-sealed by compound that is poured in

55
Q

What are the characteristics of bladder fuel tanks?

A
  • made from a reinforced flexible material
    -can be used in place of a rigid tank
    -does not require as large an opening to install
    -no creases can be allowed
  • if stored must be cleaned and have engine oil applied
56
Q

What are the characteristics of integral fuel tanks?

A

-contained in the structure
-sealed in with fuel resistant coatings
-aircraft with this structure are called wet wing
-internal structures serve as baffles these have check valves which allow fuel to flow to the low points
- best weight ratio

57
Q

What is the structure of an access panel?

A

Sealed with an o ring with an aluminium gasket for bonding then an outer clamp ring is tightened to the inner panel with screws

58
Q

What is the main attachment point for the engines to the wing?

A

Rear spar or false spar

59
Q

What is the function and design of the pylon?

A

They are designed to reduce drag containing the upper lower and middle spars which transfer the thrust loads to the aircraft structure

60
Q

What is the nacelle?

A

The housing for an engine streamlining for drag

61
Q

What is the nacelle?

A

The housing for an engine streamlining for drag

62
Q

How are the ailerons attached to the wing?

A

Each outboard aileron is supported by hinge support fittings attached to the wing trailing edge rib structure hinge fittings on the front spar are bolted to the wing support fittings the aileron actuator and reaction linkages attach to wing rear spar fittings

63
Q

How are spoilers/speed brakes attached to the structure?

A

They are secured with hinge fittings and attachment angles

64
Q

How are trailing edge flaps attached?

A

There are two flap attachment fittings per flap in the form of flap tracks that are curved h sections of steel forging bolted to the lower edges of the wing rear spar

65
Q

How are leading edge flaps and slats attached?

A

Hinge fittings mounted to the forward edge of the front spar

66
Q

What is a primary control surface?

A

Provides control of yaw pitch and roll

67
Q

What is a secondary control surface?

A

Eg speed brake and flaps
Surface effecting drag

68
Q

What is horn balancing?

A

Uses the aerodynamic flow to aid the movement of a control surface

69
Q

What is mass balancing?

A

Balancing with weights to move the centre of gravity

70
Q

What are engine mounts typically made of?

A

Small = chrome/molybdenum
Large = chrome/nickel/molybdenum

71
Q

Which bolts take on what stresses in different stages of flight within engine mounts?

A

Upper bolts usually take the force on the ground in the air there is a torsional effect on all bolts

72
Q

How are reciprocating bolts usually attached?

A

Dynafocal mounts at the point of balance

73
Q

What is the function of flexible of elastic shock mounts?

A

They allow for restricted engine movement in all directions in addition to metal snubbers which limit excessive movements after abnormal shocks

Willys Flashing (24 decks)

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