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Willys Flashing > 11.13 > Flashcards

11.13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of tail wheel configuration landing gear?

A

-on propellor driven/ light aircraft
-the main gear is forward of the CG
-a tail wheel is articulated
-steering is done through differential breaking or rudders

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of tricycle landing gear?

A

-the most commonly used
-CG is ahead of main landing gear
-ground looping is prevented
-nose over won’t occur during breaking
-forward vision is not obscured
-reduced drag at take off

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of tandem landing gear?

A

-two sets of wheels in line
-aircraft/ gliders use it

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4
Q

What is the trunnion link?

A

The hinge which the landing gear are on

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5
Q

What is the structure of the shock strut?

A

An outer and inner cylinder filled with hydrogen and nitrogen and capped at each end

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6
Q

What is the function of the upper and lower torsion link?

A

Connected to the inner moving cylinder they allow the shock strut to extend but not past the max

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7
Q

What is a torsion link damper?

A

Counteracts wheel shimming

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8
Q

Why may some landing gears need shortening on retraction?

A

They can be too large for sufficient engine to to surface distance

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9
Q

What is the point of the shock struts?

A

Absorb and transfer force to the fuselage

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10
Q

What are the two main classes of shock absorbers?

A

-solid (a spring metal/rubber)
-oleo pneumatic (fluid spring with gas oil or both)

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11
Q

What is the function of the gas or oil separator in an oleo pneumatic strut?

A

-when on ground the gas inside the lower cylinder is compressed
-during take off the weight of the aircraft is progressively unloaded the fluid in the upper chamber is slowly let into the lower
-the opposite occurs on the landing

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12
Q

How are main gear shock struts serviced?

A

With nitrogen gas and hydraulic fluid
Gas pressurising must be done with weight on wheels

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13
Q

What systems are used to extend landing gear?

A

-electrical
-pneumatic
-most commonly hydraulic

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14
Q

What is the purpose of detents in the lever for retraction and deployment of landing gear?

A

It prevents vibration lowering the gear

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15
Q

What is the importance of sequencing in terms of landing gear?

A

It ensures the doors and wheels are deployed correctly

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16
Q

How is retraction on ground avoided/ prevented?

A

-detents avoid accidental retraction
-a solenoid operated latch stops the lever being moved

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17
Q

What process occurs on retraction?

A

-down locks are pressurised and unlocked
-the gear actuator are pressurised through an unrestricted orifice check valve
-sequence valve A&B are open when doors are opened which allows fluid flow out of extension piston
-squeeze valve C&D receive fluid pressure allowing the gear doors to close when the gear is stowed

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18
Q

When is emergency extension used on landing gear?

A

After a main hydraulic systems failure

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19
Q

How does emergency extension work?

A

Up locks withdrawn which allows them to fall under gravity and lock
In some cases electrical or compressed gas is used

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20
Q

What must be done before emergency deployment?

A

Normal landing gear placed in off position to prevent hydraulic locking

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21
Q

What are the two common gear indications on modern aircraft?

A

-indicator lights near the control lever shows the position of the gears
-ECAM/EICAM shows positions of doors and gear

22
Q

What indicates gear position in the flight deck?

A

Green light = down and locked
Red light = unlocked or travelling
No lights = up and locked

23
Q

What is a micro switch?

A

Open and close an electrical switch very rapidly

24
Q

How is a micro switch used in landing gear?

A

The micro switch is located on the landing gear control lever mechanism which is in circuit with gear position sensors, a red light shows when there is a disagreement

25
Q

When are proximity switches used?

A

When there is a high risk of contact corrosion due to dirt and moisture

26
Q

What is a Reed switch?

A

-two spring loaded normally open contacts
-embedded in glass tube which contains gas to protect against corrosion
-contacts closed by a magnet flux created when a permanent magnet is moved adjacent
-circuit is closed and operates as a switch

27
Q

What is an electronic proximity switch?

A

-sensing coil which is excited by an electronic unit
-the target is made from magnet ferrous material which influences electrical characteristics especially impedance of the sensing coil

28
Q

When is a warning signal given to crew regarding landing gear?

A

When landing gear is not down and locked when a landing is performed

29
Q

What are aircraft wheels typically made of?

A

Forged or cast from aluminium alloy sometimes magnesium alloy

30
Q

What construction do aircraft wheels have?

A

Two half hubs carrying a tubeless tyre they are bolted together with a seam usually containing an O ring the tyre contacts the wheel at the wheel bead seat area
There is an inboard and outboard section containing inner and outer wheel bearings

31
Q

Which gear and where are brakes fitted?

A

Main gear wheels on the inboard half

32
Q

What are the inboard brake discs driven by?

A

Steel drive keys bolted onto the inside of the main wheels

33
Q

How is heat prevented from damaging the wheels?

A

A heat shield but not for very high temps

34
Q

What is the function of the fusible prongs?

A

Relieve pressure in high heat
Through designed melting

35
Q

What bearings does an aircraft wheel have?

A

Shielded/ sealed taper roller bearings

36
Q

What is the structure and operation of single disc brakes?

A

-small and light aircraft
-a single disc keyed or bolted to each wheel
-a non moving calliper applies friction on both sides it is bolted to landing gear
-hydraulic master cylinders connected to rudder pedals

37
Q

How do the cylinders function an a single brake system?

A

An actuating piston assembly comprising of a piston, return spring and an automatic adjusting spring

38
Q

How many are they and what is the function of brake linings?

A

6, 3 on each side
3 are located on the ends of the pistons on the outboard side of the calliper they should move in and out with the pistons

39
Q

How do dual disc brakes differ?

A

Two discs keyed into the wheel
Friction lining on either side of

40
Q

How are tyres classified?

A

Width and rim diameter

41
Q

What is ply rating?

A

-indicates relative strength
-links strength to the number of reinforcing plies present
-in modern era strength is not relevant to the number of plies

42
Q

What are the two tyre types?

A

Tubed or tubeless

43
Q

Advantage of tubeless tyres over tubed?

A

Lighter exhibiting reduced susceptibility to surface creep

44
Q

What is the bead of a tyre?

A

High tensile strength steel wires embedded in rubber
All force terminates at bead

45
Q

What are carcass plies?

A

Layers of rubber coated in nylon cord fabric the end is tied to the bead

46
Q

What is the tread?

A

The wearing surface on the outer circumference

47
Q

What does a red balance mark indicate?

A

A light point

48
Q

AWI marks?

A

Green marks showing where small holes were made to let out entrapped gasses

49
Q

How does tyre inflation influence wear?

A

Over inflation accelerates tread wear under inflation accelerates shoulder wear

50
Q

What is the principle of nose wheel steering?

A

System of mechanical linkage connected to rudder pedals

51
Q

How is nose wheel steering operated?

A

Connects through a shaft to a steering drum located in the flight deck through cables and pulleys the steering is hydrailcally operated

Willys Flashing (24 decks)

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