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Willys Flashing > 11.10 > Flashcards

11.10 Flashcards

1
Q

What materials are fuel tanks contracted with?

A

One in which the fuel will not react with

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2
Q

What is the function of baffles?

A

Prevents surges caused by changes in altitude

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3
Q

Why are some aircraft fitted with jettison valves?

A

To jettison fuel in flight

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4
Q

Where are fuel tanks usually located?

A

Wings

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5
Q

Why are some fuel tanks called trim tanks?

A

They double as aircraft trimming systems

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6
Q

What rigid pipes are used and where?

A

Stainless steel and aluminium alloy
-stainless steel = in areas susceptible to debris, abrasion and heat damage

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7
Q

When are flexible hoses use?

A

High vibration areas

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8
Q

What are the two basic types of fuel?

A
  • reciprocating engine fuel (AVGAS)
    -turbine engine fuel (jet fuel)
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9
Q

What is AVGAS usually?

A

-hydrocarbon compound from crude oil made from fractional distillation

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10
Q

What type of fuel is jet fuel?

A

-kerosene type fuel
-higher flash point
-less flammable

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11
Q

What are the three turbine engine fuels (jet fuels) typically available?

A

Jet A1
Jet A
Jet B

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12
Q

What is the most common jet fuel?

A

Jet A1

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13
Q

What is the flash point of Jet A1 and A?

A

43-65 degrees c

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14
Q

What is the freezing temperature of Jet A?

A

-40 degrees c

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15
Q

What is the freezing temperature of Jet A1?

A

-47 degrees c

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16
Q

What is Jet B fuel?

A

Kersosene and gasoline

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17
Q

When is jet B fuel used?

A

In lower temperatures due to higher volatility and lower freezing point -50 degrees c

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18
Q

What can be on a fuel line to cover and protect them?

A

A fire sleeve cover

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19
Q

What are the common fuel colours?

A

Jet A/A1//B =straw or colourless
AVGAS = purple

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20
Q

How are seams secured together on rigid removable?

A

Riveted and welded

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21
Q

What are rigid fuel tanks constructed with?

A

Aluminium alloy or stainless steel

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22
Q

What are the benefits of bladder fuel tanks?

A

-not as large an opening is required
-long life
-can be patched

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23
Q

What is the function of a baffle check valve?

A

Fuel can move inboard but not outboard

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24
Q

What is a terneplate?

A

Thin sheet steel coated with tin/ lead alloy

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25
Q

What are integral fuel tanks?

A

Fuel tanks which are part of the aircraft structure

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26
Q

How are integral fuel tanks sealed?

A

Two part sealants

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27
Q

How are integral fuel tanks inspected?

A

In fuel tank entry’s through hatches

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28
Q

What is SFAR 88?

A

-requires permanant safety of fuel tanks
-introduces improved maintenance programs developed by manufacturers as well as necessary adjustments of its own modification

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29
Q

What items are associated with critical design control configuration limitations (CDDCL)?

A

-bonding leads
-FQI harnesses and probes
-in tank harness routing
-fuel pumps
-wing access doors

30
Q

What is CDDCL?

A

It highlights items that integrity must be maintained to ensure fuel tank safety

31
Q

What is the nitrogen generating system?

A

It limits fuel tank explosive risks by filling the tank by nitrogen

32
Q

How does the (NGS) work?

A

It produces nitrogen enriched air by removing oxygen from bleed air through filtering using hollow fibre members

33
Q

What is the structure/ function of the NGS system?

A

Intake - from the engine bleed system
Pre cooling - using heat exchangers
Filtration - cooled air is filtered to remove contaminants
Separation in ASM - bleed air is passed through hollow fibre members oxygen permeates more quickly and is vented out

34
Q

When is high flow used from ASM?

A

During descent

35
Q

What are the 4 types of fuel leak?

A

Stain - 3/4”
Seep - 3/4 - 1 1/4”
Heavy seep - 1 1/4” - 4”
Running leak 4” +

36
Q

How long do you need to wait after a leak is detected to measure size?

A

30 mins

37
Q

What is the purpose of fuel tank venting?

A

Vapours are kept below its lower explosive limit so that maintenance can be performed
(Adequate oxygen must be kept in)

38
Q

What do gas detectors measure?

A

-Concentration of combustible vapours
-keeping the level between lower explosive limit and upper

39
Q

What are the requirements for fuel tank entry?

A

-training
-confined space entrant
-standby person

40
Q

What aircraft are typically are gravity fed?

A

High wing aircraft with high tanks

41
Q

When is a pressure fuel feed system needed?

A

-the tanks are too low
-the tanks are too far from the engine
-the fuel flow rate is high

42
Q

When is an electrical pump used to fuel engines?

A

To start an engine and as a back up

43
Q

When is injection fuel feed used?

A

High wing, high performance single engine aircraft

44
Q

How does fuel injection function?

A

Gravity and pressure

45
Q

What is the function of a hand operated pump?

A

On older reciprocating engine aircraft it can be fitted used to back up the engine driven pump or to prime engines during start up

46
Q

What is the function of a vane type fuel pump?

A

-commonly found on reciprocating engine aircraft
-used as primary and auxiliary engine driven boost pumps
-constant displacement type

47
Q

How is flow regulated on a vane type fuel pump?

A

Adjustible pressure relief components

48
Q

How does a centrifugal pump function and its uses?

A

It is very common especially in large high performance aircraft
-variable displacement pump taking in fuel to the inside of an impeller and expels it to the outside

49
Q

How can centrifugal pumps be removed without draining the fuel?

A

Shut off valve in the inlet tube

50
Q

What is the inlet of a centrifugal pump covered with?

A

A screen to prevent ingress of foreign matter

51
Q

How does the ejector pump function?

A

Motive flow creates suction in a Venturi tube and pumps fuel from a suction pipe

52
Q

What is pump cavitation?

A

Pump failure where air is taken in

53
Q

What are the three common filter types?

A

-micron
-wafer
-plain screen mesh

54
Q

What is the purpose of dumping/ jettison?

A

In emergency fuel is dumped to avoid an overweight landing

55
Q

What is a surge tank?

A

An empty overflow tank to contain overflow and prevent spill

56
Q

What is a vent flow valve and its structure?

A

-Valve body
-Pad valve
-Float
-Connection to vent line
When fuel level is low weight on the float it keeps the valve in the open position in high level the valve will close

57
Q

What is the function of the flapper valve?

A

It allows fuel inward in the tank on baffles and does not allow outward flow in manoeuvres

58
Q

What is the purpose of a drain system on fuel tanks?

A

To drain water from fuel tanks

59
Q

How and why is a drain valve manually operated?

A

-for safety
-a check valve is closed by springs using a tool it can be opened by pushing the pin inwards

60
Q

Why would trimming through fuel movement be used?

A

To avoid the drag associated with normal trimming

61
Q

How is trimming done with fuel?

A

Fuel is transferred fwd and aft to move the CG

62
Q

How is CG changed and what is it measured from?

A

(MAC) mean aerodynamic chord
Centre of gravity control computer

63
Q

What must be done to ensure CG measurement is correct before flight?

A

All variables are entered into a computer

64
Q

What manages the transfer of fuel between tanks?

A

Two fuel control and monitoring computers (FCMS)

65
Q

When does automatic CG control begin and end?

A

At 25,000 feet it begins and at 24,000 it ends

66
Q

Why might fuel need to be transferred between tanks?

A

Fuel imbalance or trimming

67
Q

What is cross feeding?

A

Right tank to left engine vice versa

68
Q

How do refuel couplings function?

A

They are spring loaded check valves

69
Q

What are the three modes of pressure refuelling?

A

-Manual
-Automatic
-override = if electrical power is lost

70
Q

What are the functions of refuelling valves?

A

Controlling fuel flow into the tanks

71
Q

How are refuelling valves operated?

A

-Manually
-Motor driven
-Solenoid

72
Q

What is a benefit of solenoid operated refuelling valves?

A

They are failsafe

Willys Flashing (24 decks)

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