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Willys Flashing > 11.10 > Flashcards

11.10 Flashcards

1
Q

What materials are fuel tanks contracted with?

A

One in which the fuel will not react with

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2
Q

What is the function of baffles?

A

Prevents surges caused by changes in altitude

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3
Q

Why are some aircraft fitted with jettison valves?

A

To jettison fuel in flight

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4
Q

Where are fuel tanks usually located?

A

Wings

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5
Q

Why are some fuel tanks called trim tanks?

A

They double as aircraft trimming systems

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6
Q

What rigid pipes are used and where?

A

Stainless steel and aluminium alloy
-stainless steel = in areas susceptible to debris, abrasion and heat damage

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7
Q

When are flexible hoses use?

A

High vibration areas

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8
Q

What are the two basic types of fuel?

A
  • reciprocating engine fuel (AVGAS)
    -turbine engine fuel (jet fuel)
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9
Q

What is AVGAS usually?

A

-hydrocarbon compound from crude oil made from fractional distillation

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10
Q

What type of fuel is jet fuel?

A

-kerosene type fuel
-higher flash point
-less flammable

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11
Q

What are the three turbine engine fuels (jet fuels) typically available?

A

Jet A1
Jet A
Jet B

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12
Q

What is the most common jet fuel?

A

Jet A1

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13
Q

What is the flash point of Jet A1 and A?

A

43-65 degrees c

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14
Q

What is the freezing temperature of Jet A?

A

-40 degrees c

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15
Q

What is the freezing temperature of Jet A1?

A

-47 degrees c

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16
Q

What is Jet B fuel?

A

Kersosene and gasoline

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17
Q

When is jet B fuel used?

A

In lower temperatures due to higher volatility and lower freezing point -50 degrees c

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18
Q

What can be on a fuel line to cover and protect them?

A

A fire sleeve cover

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19
Q

What are the common fuel colours?

A

Jet A/A1//B =straw or colourless
AVGAS = purple

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20
Q

How are seams secured together on rigid removable?

A

Riveted and welded

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21
Q

What are rigid fuel tanks constructed with?

A

Aluminium alloy or stainless steel

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22
Q

What are the benefits of bladder fuel tanks?

A

-not as large an opening is required
-long life
-can be patched

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23
Q

What is the function of a baffle check valve?

A

Fuel can move inboard but not outboard

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24
Q

What is a terneplate?

A

Thin sheet steel coated with tin/ lead alloy

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25
What are integral fuel tanks?
Fuel tanks which are part of the aircraft structure
26
How are integral fuel tanks sealed?
Two part sealants
27
How are integral fuel tanks inspected?
In fuel tank entry’s through hatches
28
What is SFAR 88?
-requires permanant safety of fuel tanks -introduces improved maintenance programs developed by manufacturers as well as necessary adjustments of its own modification
29
What items are associated with critical design control configuration limitations (CDDCL)?
-bonding leads -FQI harnesses and probes -in tank harness routing -fuel pumps -wing access doors
30
What is CDDCL?
It highlights items that integrity must be maintained to ensure fuel tank safety
31
What is the nitrogen generating system?
It limits fuel tank explosive risks by filling the tank by nitrogen
32
How does the (NGS) work?
It produces nitrogen enriched air by removing oxygen from bleed air through filtering using hollow fibre members
33
What is the structure/ function of the NGS system?
Intake - from the engine bleed system Pre cooling - using heat exchangers Filtration - cooled air is filtered to remove contaminants Separation in ASM - bleed air is passed through hollow fibre members oxygen permeates more quickly and is vented out
34
When is high flow used from ASM?
During descent
35
What are the 4 types of fuel leak?
Stain - 3/4” Seep - 3/4 - 1 1/4” Heavy seep - 1 1/4” - 4” Running leak 4” +
36
How long do you need to wait after a leak is detected to measure size?
30 mins
37
What is the purpose of fuel tank venting?
Vapours are kept below its lower explosive limit so that maintenance can be performed (Adequate oxygen must be kept in)
38
What do gas detectors measure?
-Concentration of combustible vapours -keeping the level between lower explosive limit and upper
39
What are the requirements for fuel tank entry?
-training -confined space entrant -standby person
40
What aircraft are typically are gravity fed?
High wing aircraft with high tanks
41
When is a pressure fuel feed system needed?
-the tanks are too low -the tanks are too far from the engine -the fuel flow rate is high
42
When is an electrical pump used to fuel engines?
To start an engine and as a back up
43
When is injection fuel feed used?
High wing, high performance single engine aircraft
44
How does fuel injection function?
Gravity and pressure
45
What is the function of a hand operated pump?
On older reciprocating engine aircraft it can be fitted used to back up the engine driven pump or to prime engines during start up
46
What is the function of a vane type fuel pump?
-commonly found on reciprocating engine aircraft -used as primary and auxiliary engine driven boost pumps -constant displacement type
47
How is flow regulated on a vane type fuel pump?
Adjustible pressure relief components
48
How does a centrifugal pump function and its uses?
It is very common especially in large high performance aircraft -variable displacement pump taking in fuel to the inside of an impeller and expels it to the outside
49
How can centrifugal pumps be removed without draining the fuel?
Shut off valve in the inlet tube
50
What is the inlet of a centrifugal pump covered with?
A screen to prevent ingress of foreign matter
51
How does the ejector pump function?
Motive flow creates suction in a Venturi tube and pumps fuel from a suction pipe
52
What is pump cavitation?
Pump failure where air is taken in
53
What are the three common filter types?
-micron -wafer -plain screen mesh
54
What is the purpose of dumping/ jettison?
In emergency fuel is dumped to avoid an overweight landing
55
What is a surge tank?
An empty overflow tank to contain overflow and prevent spill
56
What is a vent flow valve and its structure?
-Valve body -Pad valve -Float -Connection to vent line When fuel level is low weight on the float it keeps the valve in the open position in high level the valve will close
57
What is the function of the flapper valve?
It allows fuel inward in the tank on baffles and does not allow outward flow in manoeuvres
58
What is the purpose of a drain system on fuel tanks?
To drain water from fuel tanks
59
How and why is a drain valve manually operated?
-for safety -a check valve is closed by springs using a tool it can be opened by pushing the pin inwards
60
Why would trimming through fuel movement be used?
To avoid the drag associated with normal trimming
61
How is trimming done with fuel?
Fuel is transferred fwd and aft to move the CG
62
How is CG changed and what is it measured from?
(MAC) mean aerodynamic chord Centre of gravity control computer
63
What must be done to ensure CG measurement is correct before flight?
All variables are entered into a computer
64
What manages the transfer of fuel between tanks?
Two fuel control and monitoring computers (FCMS)
65
When does automatic CG control begin and end?
At 25,000 feet it begins and at 24,000 it ends
66
Why might fuel need to be transferred between tanks?
Fuel imbalance or trimming
67
What is cross feeding?
Right tank to left engine vice versa
68
How do refuel couplings function?
They are spring loaded check valves
69
What are the three modes of pressure refuelling?
-Manual -Automatic -override = if electrical power is lost
70
What are the functions of refuelling valves?
Controlling fuel flow into the tanks
71
How are refuelling valves operated?
-Manually -Motor driven -Solenoid
72
What is a benefit of solenoid operated refuelling valves?
They are failsafe

Willys Flashing (24 decks)

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