11.5.7 Avionics- Nav Systems

Question 1

What is true north?

Answer 1

True North is where bearings are related to the Earth’s True North.

Question 2

What is magnetic north?

Answer 2

Magnetic North is where bearings are related to the Earth’s Magnetic North.

Question 3

What is compass north?

Answer 3

Compass North is where bearings are related to the aeroplanes Compass.

Question 4

What is distance?

Answer 4

Distance is provided by the DME system in Nautical Miles.

Question 5

What is provides a height indication?

Answer 5

Height is provided by the RAD ALT system in Feet.

Question 6

What is slant range?

Answer 6

Is Distance down to the DME STN (Hypotenuse).

Question 7

What is a mile in metres?

Answer 7

Mile is a Statute value of 1609 Metres.

Question 8

What is a nautical mile?

Answer 8

It is one minute of arc measured at the Equator. 1 Nautical Mile = 1852 Metres.

Question 9

What is Heading? (HDG)

Answer 9

The direction in which the nose of the aircraft is pointing. It is measured in degrees (000-360°) clockwise from true, magnetic, or compass north.

Question 10

What is Track? (TK)

Answer 10

The direction in which an aircraft is moving over the surface of the Earth; is also measured in degrees from true or magnetic north. Only true TK is plotted. If there were no wind, there would be no drift and TK would be the same as HDG; also the case with a direct head- or tail-wind.

Question 11

What is desired track? (DSR TK)

Answer 11

The planned direction over the Earth in which it is intended the aircraft shall move.

Question 12

What is track error? (TKE)

Answer 12

The angular displacement between the actual Track and Desired Track. It is always measured from DSR TK to TK.

Question 13

What is cross track error? (XTK)

Answer 13

The physical displacement, in nautical miles, of the aircraft to the left or right of the desired track.

Question 14

What is drift angle? (DA)

Answer 14

Drift is the angle between HDG and TK due to the effect of a cross-wind. The direction of drift is always measured from HDG to TK.

Question 15

How do you know which way the drift angle is going?

Answer 15

If TK is less than HDG, drift is to the left, and if TK is greater than HDG it is to the right

Question 16

What is true airspeed?

Answer 16

The actual speed of the aircraft through the air. It will differ significantly from the airspeed indicated on the Airspeed Indicator (ASI) due to the air becoming less dense the higher the aircraft flies.

Question 17

What is ADF?

Answer 17

Automatic direction finding.

Question 18

What frequency does ADF work on?

Answer 18

190 kHz to 1750 kHz

Question 19

What is relative bearing?

Answer 19

Defined as the bearing angle between the aircraft’s nose and the ground station.

Question 20

What two types of antenna must an ADF system have to provide bearing information?

Answer 20

Omni-directional sense
Directional loop

Question 21

What colour are ADF pointers on the EFIS?

Answer 21

Cyan

Question 22

What does Azimuth?

Answer 22

Azimuth is the angle in a horizontal plane between true north and the direction of the radio navigation device.

Question 23

What is QDM?

Answer 23

Magnetic bearing to the station from the aircraft.

Question 24

What is QDR?

Answer 24

Magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft.

Question 25

What is QUJ?

Answer 25

True bearing to the station from the aircraft

Question 26

What is QTE?

Answer 26

True bearing from the station to the aircraft.

Question 27

When was VOR developed and deployed?

Answer 27

1937 and 1946

Question 28

Where are VOR stations commonly placed?

Answer 28

At airports

Question 29

What is a VORTAC?

Answer 29

Site that shares VOR and TACAN (military version) from the same site.

Question 30

What types of VOR are there?

Answer 30

CVOR BVOR DVOR TVOR VOT VORTAC

Question 31

What are the two most common types of VOR?

Answer 31

CVOR and DVOR

Question 32

What is CVOR?

Answer 32

Conventional VOR

Question 33

What is DVOR?

Answer 33

Doppler VOR for eliminating error

Question 34

What is CDI?

Answer 34

Course Deviation Indicator

Question 35

What is the benefit of the HSI?

Answer 35

it combines the CDI and heading.

Question 36

What frequency does VOR operate at?

Answer 36

108MHz to 117.95 MHz

Question 37

What channel spacing does VOR have?

Answer 37

50 KHz

Question 38

What frequencies are the ILS bands allocated too?

Answer 38

Odd tenths of each 0.5MHz i.e. 109.10

Question 39

How many channels does ILS and VOR have respectively?

Answer 39

160 VOR 40 ILS

Question 40

Out of 160 Channels how many are allocated to En-route VOR (Category A) and how many to Terminal VOR (TVOR) (Category B).

Answer 40

A 120 B 40

Question 41

What is a radio magnetic instrument used for?

Answer 41

Standby instrument powered by a bus

Question 42

What is a the max range of the DME? (Distance measuring equipment)?

Answer 42

399.9NM

Question 43

When does ILS generate signals?

Answer 43

For manual or auto precision landings or auto landings in CAT 3

Question 44

When is the localiser system operative?

Answer 44

25Nm and between 2000ft and 3000ft

Question 45

When is the glide slope system operative?

Answer 45

10Nms and 2000ft

Question 46

What is the marker system?

Answer 46

The distance and feet from the threshold of the runway.

Question 46

These days what is used instead of the marker system?

Answer 46

Short range DME

Question 47

Where is the localiser antenna located?

Answer 47

Approx 300m beyond the far end of the runway.

Question 48

What two signals does the localiser antenna send left and right?

Answer 48

150 Hz right and 90 left

Question 49

How does the aircraft know it is centred when reading the localiser signal?

Answer 49

In the middle the signals are equal, if it biases then the predominant signal is stronger left or right.

Question 50

What is the beam angle of the localiser?

Answer 50

4 to 5 degrees

Question 51

When the localiser is operative how often is the station morse ID transmitted?

Answer 51

6 times a minute

Question 52

Where is the glide slope transmitter located?

Answer 52

1000ft from the beginning of the runway.

Question 53

What two signals does the glide slope transmitter send out for above and below?

Answer 53

90Hz above 150Hz below

Question 54

Is the glide slope more or less sensitive than the localiser?

Answer 54

More

Question 55

Does the glide slope system have a morse ID?

Answer 55

No

Question 56

Why is the glideslope frequency not tuned seperatly?

Answer 56

Paired with the associated localiser freq

Question 57

What is the purpose of the marker beacon system?

Answer 57

Indicate to the flight crew that the aircraft is passing over a location such as a point along an instrument landing path.

Question 58

What three markers should there be for the marker beacon?

Answer 58

Outer, middle and inner

Question 59

Which marker beacon is quite often not installed?

Answer 59

Inner

Question 60

What are the frequencies of the marker beacons?

Answer 60

Outer- 400Hz Middle- 1300Hz Inner- 3000Hz

Question 61

What is the carrier freq of marker beacons?

Answer 61

75Mhz

Question 62

What range of distance is the outer marker beacon?

Answer 62

4 to 7 miles

Question 63

What does the primary radar system do?

Answer 63

Tracks other objects in the airspace

Question 64

How does the primary radar system calculate the

Answer 64

(Speed of light x time delay) /2

Question 65

What primary radar systems are there?

Answer 65

Weather radar Rad alt ATC surveillance

Question 66

What does the secondary radar do?

Answer 66

Serves to complement the primary.

Question 67

What principle does the secondary radar operate on?

Answer 67

Interrogation response

Question 68

What examples of secondary radar are there?

Answer 68

ATC TCAS DME

Question 69

How far ahead can the weather radar pick up clouds?

Answer 69

300Nm

Question 70

What are the five colours on the weather display?

Answer 70

Black Green Amber Red Magenta

Question 71

What does black mean on the weather screen?

Answer 71

No turbulence

Question 72

What does green mean on the weather screen?

Answer 72

Minimum turbulence

Question 73

What does amber mean on the weather screen?

Answer 73

Moderate turbulence

Question 74

What does red mean on the weather screen?

Answer 74

High turbulence

Question 75

What does magenta mean on the weather screen?

Answer 75

Extreme turbulence

Question 76

How far does weather radar and turbulence mode extend ahead of the aircraft? (WX+t)

Answer 76

40 Nm

Question 77

What is the basic ATC transponder often referred too as?

Answer 77

SSR, secondary surveillance radar

Question 78

What frequencies does the ATC system use for position interrogation?

Answer 78

Sends 1030 Receives 1090

Question 79

What modes of interrogation are there?

Answer 79

A,B,C and D

Question 80

What happens when the squark ident button is pressed?

Answer 80

Causes the special position indicator to be transmitted for a period of between 15-20 seconds.

Question 81

What are the three segments of GPS?

Answer 81

User, satellite and control

Question 82

How many orbits of satellites are there?

Answer 82

6 each with 4 satellites

Question 83

What is GPS?

Answer 83

Satellite-based navigation system that calculates aircraft positions with high accuracy

Question 84

What are the two types of GPS service?

Answer 84

Precision and Standard

Question 85

What is the INS system?

Answer 85

Uses a conventional gyro stabilised platform and accelerometers to provide an update on the current position.

Question 86

What is INS compared to IRS?

Answer 86

INS is the advanced version of IRS.

Question 87

What does FANS stand for?

Answer 87

Future Air Navigations Systems

Question 88

What is FANS?

Answer 88

Navigation system using space-based navigation, such as GPS, and Satellite Communication (SATCOM)

Question 89

What are the basic modes of GPWS?

Answer 89

Mode 1-7

Question 90

What do the crew use FMS for?

Answer 90

Enter route and vertical performance flight plan data.