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Cat B- Mod 11 Aircraft Systems > 11.3 Structures Aeroplanes > Flashcards

11.3 Structures Aeroplanes Flashcards

1
Q

What types of aircraft fuselage construction are there?

A

Truss
Monocoque
Semi-monocoque

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2
Q

What is a truss type construction?

A

Several members are joined together to form a rigid structure.

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3
Q

What is a defining characteristic of the pratt truss?

A

The struts only carry compressive loads while the stays only carry tension loads.

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4
Q

In a warren truss construction the longerons are solely connected with?

A

Diagonal methods

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5
Q

What construction do most pressurised aircraft have?

A

Semi-monocoque

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6
Q

What does the cyclic loading lead to in pressurised airframes?

A

Metal fatigue

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7
Q

What two methods are there of applying a seal to the an aircraft fuselage?

A

Faying
Fillet

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8
Q

What is a faying seal?

A

Two pieces of metal overlap and a bead of sealant is place in between, riveted and then smoothed.

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9
Q

What is a fillet seal?

A

When two pieces of metal are joined together.

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10
Q

What is the frame mate?

A

Where fittings or lugs are mounted for wing attatchment.

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11
Q

What are pylons also known as?

A

Spars

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12
Q

What force does the pylon transmit?

A

Thrust

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13
Q

How are crew seats installed?

A

Using quick release fasteners in tracks that are L tracks or I tracks.

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14
Q

How is cargo moved in and out of the aircraft?

A

Tracks, rollers and PDU’s

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15
Q

What cargo loading system components are there?

A

Transport
Guidance
Restraining and locking

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16
Q

What are transport components?

A

Ball mats, ball trays, roller rails.

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17
Q

What are guidance components?

A

Guide rails, side guides, centreline splitters, door guides.

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18
Q

What are restraining and locking components?

A

Cargo locks, outboard and centreline restraints and forward and end stops.

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19
Q

What is a ULD?

A

The containers used in a cargo bay.

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20
Q

What does ARO stand for?

A

Anti rollout device.

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21
Q

What is an anti rollout device?

A

Automatically lifts to prevent the ULD from coming back out.

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22
Q

When does the loading system receive electrical power?

A

When the cargo door is fully open.

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23
Q

What is a MED?

A

Main entry door

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24
Q

What type is a MED?

A

Plug type

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25
Q

What type are service doors?

A

Non-plug type.

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26
Q

What type are cargo doors?

A

Non-plug type

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27
Q

What is a plug door?

A

Designed to seal itself by utilising the pressure difference.

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28
Q

What are the doors on the left side of an aircraft used for?

A

Passenger entry.

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29
Q

What does the door structure house?

A

The opening, locking and emergency mechanisms.

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30
Q

What does the door structure consist of?

A

Frame
Beams
Formers
Intercostals

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31
Q

What does the door frame house?

A

The pressure stop fittings.

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32
Q

How does the door frame stop lock the door shut when the cabin is pressurised?

A

With a pressure stop pin

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33
Q

Is the pressure stop pin adjustable?

A

Yes

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34
Q

How do inflatable door seals work?

A

They have small holes cabin side that inflate the seal.

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35
Q

What are door seals made of?

A

Cloth and glass-fibre reinforced silicon rubber.

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36
Q

What are the common types of seal shapes?

A

Bulb
Diaphragm
Flat
Multiform

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37
Q

In a door latch mechanism how is the rotation of the torque tubes transmitted?

A

Control rods

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38
Q

For larger aircraft, ICAO Annex 6 Chapter 13.2.2 states: ?

A

Aircraft that are 500kg TOM or 60 pax shall have a locked flight deck door.

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39
Q

What is a CDLCU?

A

Cockpit door lock control unit.

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40
Q

What is in the bottom half of the cockpit door?

A

Decompression and evacuation flap

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41
Q

How many emergency exits are required?

A

Depends on the pax numbers.

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42
Q

Why is it important to pay attention to the cabin pressure indicators?

A

As they could warn the outflow valves are closed and therefore cabin pressure is still elevated.

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43
Q

What does a girt bar do?

A

Activate the door slide.

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44
Q

What are bar locks?

A

Either end of the girt bar, they lock it into the floor brackets.

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45
Q

What is the bulk cargo compartment for?

A

Non-containerised cargo such as loose luggage.

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46
Q

What does the door lift mechanism consist of?

A

Lift power unit
Gearbox
Brake assemblies
Rotary actuators

47
Q

What are door prox sensors for?

A

Ensure they are locked for flight

48
Q

What does the flight deck indicate the door statuses of?

A

Equipment centre access doors
PEDs
Cargo

49
Q

When a passenger entry door is closed, latched, and locked, these letters (in colour) show the position of the mode select handle?

A

A - auto (green)
M - manual (white)

50
Q

Windows, give visibility and hold pressure what do they also do?

A

Protect against bird impact and ice build up.

51
Q

On transport aircraft what type are the windows?

A

Plug type, two layers.

52
Q

What is the little hole for in cabin windows?

A

Pressure equalling.

53
Q

On most modern aircraft how many flight deck windows are there?

A

Six

54
Q

What are the two forward flight deck windows known as?

A

Windscreen

55
Q

What is the retainer in flight deck windscreens?

A

Frame that attaches to the frame on the fuselage.

56
Q

What types of damage are found on flight deck window?

A

Delam and bubbles
Chips, cracking or scratches.

57
Q

How do you look for delam in windows?

A

Look from an angle.

58
Q

What is the max allowable delam?

A

3.5 inches (89mm)

59
Q

What are bubbles in the vinyl layer of glass a sign of?

A

Issue with the window heater system.

60
Q

In what type of glass do v scratches rarely happen?

A

Chemically tempered glass.

61
Q

What is the max limit for scratch depth on a windscreen?

A

0.0002 in or 0.051mm

62
Q

What is crazing?

A

Small cracks that often look like white clouding.

63
Q

What is in-plane cracking?

A

Smooth surface fissures, occurs in stretched acrylic.

64
Q

What design are the majority of modern wings?

A

Cantilever

65
Q

Wing support cables that are vertical are called what?

A

Jury struts

66
Q

What three types of wing construction are there?

A

Mono-spar
Multi-spar
Box Beam

67
Q

What are the principle structural members of the wing?

A

Spars

68
Q

In a common I beam spar, what is the top and bottom called?

A

Caps and web.

69
Q

What is a sine wave web?

A

A web that is curvy.

70
Q

What is a false spar?

A

Spars that do not extend the whole length of the wing.

71
Q

What are false spars often used for?

A

Hinge attach points for control surfaces.

72
Q

What are nose or false ribs?

A

Ribs at the front of the wing used to shape and strengthen.

73
Q

What is a butt rib?

A

Found inboard where the wing attaches to the fuse.

74
Q

What are the three basic tank types?

A

Rigid removable
Flexible bladder
Integral

75
Q

What aircraft use rigid removable tanks?

A

Light aircraft

76
Q

What are rigid tanks made of?

A

3003 or 5052 aluminium alloy

77
Q

What is terneplate?

A

Thin steel sheet coated with lead or tin alloy.

78
Q

How were terneplate tanks construcuted?

A

Folded and soldered seams.

79
Q

What is key about the soft flexible nature of a bladder tank?

A

They must remain wet.

80
Q

What are aircraft with integral tanks called?

A

Wet wings

81
Q

Where is the landing gear attachment point?

A

Rear spar

82
Q

What is a fixed stabiliser?

A

Tailplane, two aerofoils that can’t move.

83
Q

What is a stabilator?

A

One piece all moveable but no elevator

84
Q

What is a variable incidence tailplane?

A

One piece moveable with elevators.

85
Q

What forces are felt on a stabiliser?

A

Bending, torsion and shear.

86
Q

Where are ailerons attached too?

A

Wing rear spar

87
Q

Where are the elevators attached too?

A

Horizontal stab rear spar

88
Q

How is the rudder attached?

A

To the vertical stab rear spars.

89
Q

What sort of safety precautions are there when working on flight controls?

A

Comms
Signs
Gags
Tools

90
Q

What does balancing of flight controls help with?

A

Eliminate flutter

91
Q

What are two common methods of balancing flight controls?

A

Horn balancing
Mass balancing

92
Q

What is horn balance?

A

When a section of the flying control is extended beyond the hinge.

93
Q

What is mass balancing?

A

Adding mass to the LE of the control

94
Q

What is the moment arm?

A

Weight x distance from hinge

95
Q

What is a nacelle?

A

The shell around an engine.

96
Q

Which part of the pylon is primary structure?

A

Torque box

97
Q

What forces does the forward pylon attachment transmit?

A

Weight and lateral loads

98
Q

What forces does the aft pylon attachment point transmit?

A

Weight and longitudinal.

99
Q

What do modern nacelles feature?

A

Noise reduction technologies.

100
Q

What are the fan cowls normally manufactured from?

A

Graphite-epoxy

101
Q

What must a firewall do?

A

Prevent any hazardous quantity of liquid, gas, or flame from passing through the firewall to other parts of the aircraft.

102
Q

How long should a firewall resist fire?

A

15 mins

103
Q

What is the name of the firewall specs?

A

CS25.1191

104
Q

What materials are considered suitable for fire walls?

A

Stainless steel 0.4mm
Mild steel 0.45mm
Titanium 0.45mm

105
Q

What purposes do the engine mounts serve?

A

Connection, vibration dampening

106
Q

What are engine mounts constructed from on light aircraft?

A

Chrome/molybdenum steel tubing

107
Q

What are engine mounts constructed from on large aircraft?

A

Forged from chrome/nickel/molybdenum

108
Q

On light aircraft how is the engine usually attached to the mount?

A

Dynafocal mounts

109
Q

What do metal snubbers do?

A

Limit the excessive movement of the engine.

110
Q

Where are dynafocal engine mounts angled towards?

A

CoG

111
Q

What is the turbine vibration isolator engine mount?

A

Support the powerplants and isolate the aircraft structure from adverse vibration

112
Q

What do the engines accommodate alongside the forces?

A

Thermal expansion

113
Q
A

Cat B- Mod 11 Aircraft Systems (28 decks)

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