11 Delivery Of Emergency Services I Flashcards
Within 3 to 4 minutes temperature and a structure fire can exceed what temperature
500°F
The upper human survivability limit is what temperature according to NFPA
212°f
In conducting survivability profiling, the company officer asks the following questions
- Our occupancy expected of being or known to be trapped
2. Is it reasonable to assume that the occupants are still alive
Crew resource management is a system that optimizes the utilization of all available resources personnel procedures and equipment in order to
In order to promote safety and improve operational efficiency
Facets of crew resource management
Communications. Situational awareness. Decision-making. Teamwork. Identifying barriers to those facets
Crew resource management is designed to create a culture or climate of freedom which personnel are encouraged to contribute to
The safety and goals of mitigating the incident
Command staff
Incident management personnel report directly to the incident commander, includes public information officer safety officer liaison officer
General staff
Incident management personnel who represents a major functional sections
Section
Organizational level of responsibility for a major functional area of incident management
Various sections of incident management
Operations. Planning. Logistics. Finance admin. Information and intelligence
Single resources
Individual apparatus and personnel required to make them function
Task force
Any combination of resources assembled for a specific mission or assignment. Engines ladders bulldozers
Strike team
Set number of resources of the same kind and type like engines ladders
Unlike taskforces, strike teams remain together and
Function as a team throughout an incident
Unified command structure is necessary when incident involves or threatens to involve
More than one jurisdiction or agency
According to NFPA 1561, standard for the fire department incident management system, and in national action plan establishes
The overall strategic decisions and assigned tactical objectives for an incident
A formal written IAP will be required
Long duration events
An effective span of control ranges from
3-7 subordinates per supervisor
The number of subordinates during span of control can be higher in the following situations
Subordinates are within sight of supervisor can communicate
Subordinates are performing the same or similar function
Subordinates are skilled in performing the assigned task
First arriving company officer as incident commander should implement accountability system when
soon after arrival on the scene
Incident priorities in order
Life safety.
Incident stabilization.
Property conservation
The company officer begins to actively size of the emergency when
The alarm sounds an emergency notification is received
Upon arrival first arriving officer as an initial IC will normally
Establish command. Perform 360. Determine offense or defensive. Assign tasks. Begin completing tactical worksheet
Layman described the following considerations needed for analyzing any emergency situation
Facts. Probabilities. Own goal situation. Decision. Plan of operation
The initial decision may be seen as having three segments
Resources at scene and en route are in adequate or not.
How to deploy resources at scene most effectively.
What to do with resources that arrive
Scene control begins with
First arriving company officer establishing command
Most common and effective way to control the perimeter of the incident scene
Establishing three operational control zones. Hot warm cold
Unseen occupant service involve emergency responders seeing beyond the obvious physical effects of an incident on victims and being aware of
Being aware of and sensitive to their mental and emotional conditions
He moved from warmer objects to cooler objects at a rate related to their temperature difference. The greater the temperature differences between the objects the
The more rapid the transfer rate
Thermal layering of gases is also called
Heat stratification. It is the tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature
Piloted ignition
Moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen counters and external heat or ignition source was sufficient energy to start combustion reaction
Neutral plane
Interface of hot and cold gas layers at the opening. Point between thermal layer ending and clear visibility beginning
Rollover is distinguished from flashover because it involves only
Only the fire gases at the upper levels and not the other fuel packages
Backdraft occurs during what fire stage
Decay stage
A smoke explosion is similar to ignition of what type of gas
Propane and air within it’s flammable range
Thermal properties of a compartment include
Insulation.
Heat reflectivity.
Retention
Fuel load also called fire load, is a total quantity of
Combustible contents of the building space or area. Includes all furnishings merchandise finish and structural components
To reduce firefighter injuries or Fidelity’s coaches time proving survivability of been developed. These approaches include recognizing rapidfire development occupant survival profiling, and
crew resource management, and new rules of engagement
Firefighters should not attack if he’s been fired from the stairway. This location places them in
The flowpath of hot gases exiting from the stairwell potential collapse of floor system from fire
Temperatures at the bottom of the basement stairs were often what compared to the top of the stairs
Hotter at the bottom of the stairs than the top
Temperature in a room above the fire our import indicator of
Fire conditions below and the structural integrity of the floor system
In modern fire environments is coming to experience what stage prior to flashover
Decay Prior to flashover
Once fires become ventilation limited amount of smoke forced out of structural gaps or openings is
Reduced or stopped
Firefighters should not be committed to interior offensive firefighting operations and abandoned what they’re like buildings that are known or reasonably believed to be
Unoccupied
If rescue is contemplated the ability to provide safe ingress and egress for both
Occupants and firefighters must be the first consideration
Rescued animals while desirable does not meet the criteria for
Taking great risks
RECEO-VS
Rescue. Exposures. Containment. Extinguishment. Overhaul. Ventilation. Salvage
Decision making model developed by chief loydd layman that identifies a list of strategic goals for an incident.
RECEO-VS
Life safety takes precedence over
Any and all other considerations
In the RECEO-VS model, ventilation can float. Which means
It can be used when needed throughout the model
The P model, or the operational planning, was initially developed for
US Coast Guard oil spill field operations guide
The operational planning model describes an incident command system planning process that focuses on the first five steps of the NIMS planning process
One understand the situation.
Establish incident objectives and strategies.
Develop the plan of action.
Preparing to disseminate or assign plan .
Evaluate revise plan
Size up process actually begins when
Before an incident has reported and continues throughout the incident
A condition or arrival report by radio should include what information
First impression of existing hazardous conditions.
Report initial actions officer and you to take. Identify type and location of any barriers that can impede access
Communing the plan to all on scene and responding personnel usually starts with transmitting arrival report by radio and
Formally assuming command, confirm location of incident and specifies location of incident command post
condition indicators
Are visual clues to provide the company officer with information to make initial report and decisions
Following the initial size up the first company officer implements
The operational decisions that have been made
Command option, investigation option
First arriving company investigates bother responding companies remain staged. First officer assume command and go with company to investigate
Command option, fast attack option
Situation that requires immediate action to stabilize incident. Company officer goes in with interior crew and commands from inside.
Fast attack option should not last more than
A few minutes within im
Immediately dangerous to life and health atmosphere
During a fast attack option if the situation is not stabilized or transfer command has not taken place what must be done
Company officer withdraw and establish command post decide whether to withdraw remainder of crew
Two operational modes
Offense of mode. Defensive mode
Termination phase of emergency operation may include but are not limited to what activities
Conducting medical valuations of incident personal. Retrieving equipment used. Releasing appropriate units. Determining cause of incident. Releasing to responsible party
Once an emergency has been terminated the company officer may still participate in two important activities
Cause determination.
Preparing post incident analysis, or after action report
Until it can be properly investigated evidence may need to be protected with
A salvage cover or cardboard box
Firefighters can secure a scene from entrance and remain there for a reasonable amount of time to investigate when
Investigation is a continuation of the initial emergency response
An officer responded must accompany an individual when entering the premises before it is released. A written log should be kept showing what
Persons name, times of entry and exit, description of any items moved or taken
To protect the scene and any evidence what must be done for people entering and exiting
A single entry control point must be used
Some of the most common sources of evidence contamination include
Hand tools used. Protective equipment worn Fuel powered equipment used. Vehicles driving through scene. Friends or family removing evidence
First persons in the chain of evidence custody
Company officers and their personnel
When a fire investigator takes charge of the investigation following evidence information is obtained
Name and address of current and prior custodian.
Description of modification handling testing or alteration that occurred with current custodian.
Condition of the item when transferred to new custodian
Actions that emergency services performed that are the greatest threat to recovery of evidence or physical indication for incident cause
Overhaul or accessory actions
The post incident analysis focuses on the activities of the responders without
Placing blame or finding fault
During a post incident analysis, or critique, information is combined and then analyzed from which individuals
Company officer, incident commander, safety officer
Two primary areas of post incident analysis of the application and effectiveness of the operational strategy and tactics and
Personal safety
To develop the post incident analysis, the company should start with a clear description of the site prior to the incident. Next the officer reviews
The actions that the responding units and agencies took over the course of the incident
Who will the incident commander to sign to write the post incident analysis dealing with strategy and tactics
An officer, possibly of the command staff, section chief, or other officer present at incident
The responsibility for collecting safety related information for a post incident analysis is assigned to
The incident safety officer
The primary concerns for the safety issues portion of the post incident analysis to identify which elements
Violations of SOP, SOG. Future topics for company training. Poorly defined operational procedures. Unforeseen situations. Training deficits
Post-incident critique is
Meeting that generally involves all participating units and agencies, the meeting is based on the post incident analysis
A formal critique should be held once all necessary information has been gathered and reviewed and should occur how soon after the incident
Within one week
