1.1 -- Blood Glucose Regulation

Question 1

What is the major metabolic fuel for all tissues, being required for red blood cells and the renal medulla and a major fuel for the brain under normal (non-starvation) conditions?

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

Glucose causes skeletal muscle to what under “fight-or-flight” response?

Answer 2

Contract

Question 3

Glucose provides precursors for the TCA cycle or better known as?

Answer 3

Citric acid cycle

Question 4

Glucose provides carbon skeletons for synthesis of non-essential amino acids and for ribose and what?

Answer 4

Deoxyribose

Question 5

Glucose provides carbon precursors for triglyceride components like what and what?

Answer 5

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 6

Are the pancreatic islets (of Langerhans) a sensor, an integrating center, an effector, a combination, or all three?

Answer 6

They are a sensor, an integrating center, and an effector

Question 7

Is the pancreas an exocrine, endocrine gland, or both?

Answer 7

The pancreas is both

Question 8

Where are the endocrine cells in the pancreas?

Answer 8

The alpha and beta cells in the pancreatic islets

Question 9

When insulin is secreted, what does the liver do, as well as the cells?

Answer 9

Stimulates glycogen synthesis in the liver and cellular uptake of glucose

Question 10

What organ has the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which gives glucose back into the bloodstream?

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

What is gluconeogensis?

Answer 11

The process of turning noncarbohydrates into glucose

Question 12

What is the only genesis that increases during the fasted state?

Answer 12

Gluconeogenesis

Question 13

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Answer 13

Type 1 has destroyed beta cells so no insulin is being produced while Type 2 has insulin resistance on target cells

Question 14

What is a normal level of glucose in an A1c test or glycated hemoglobin?

Answer 14

5%