11/8 - 11/13 (Cenozoic ANIMALS) Flashcards
Unit 4 (Deck #2)
Popular Invertebrate groups name.
Forams / Radiolaria / Corals / Bryozoans / Mollusks / Echinoids
Info on Corals
Take over as major reef builders / prolific in Indo-Pacific and Caribbean
Info on Cenozoic Vegetation and Climate
angiosperms - temperate & cool environments / gymnosperms
(especially conifers) - fringe environments, extreme north and high altitude mts
Info on Grass!
Most recent plant to appear / 40 mya / modern grass - 6 mya / better at tolerating high temp and dry conditions
What Birds evolved in Paleogene?
Ducks / Hawks / Owls / Penguins /Vultures
T or F. Bird skeletons have changed a lot since Cretaceous.
F! / only a few tweaks since then
Info on rise of Mammals.
Not very diverse thru Mesozoic / Diversify after dinosaurs go extinct / Most mammal history comes from their teeth
Give info on Monotremes
egg laying mammals / Separate evolutionary history from
other 2 mammal groups / Poor fossil record
Examples of Monotremes?
platypus and echidna
Give info on Marsupials.
Give birth to immature young, which climb into pouch to mature / Lived in Australia and SA
Examples of Marsupials.
Kangaroo / Wombat / numbat / sugar glider / marsupial mole and mouse
Give info on Placentals
Give birth to more mature, live young / offspring can see, walk, and run within mins of birth / More than 90% of mammals are placentals / Most groups evolved in Early Cenozoic
Examples of Placentals?
Cats / Dogs / Humans / Cows etc
Info of mammals during Paleogene and Neogene?
Most species are small - less than 1 kg / Include insectivores, Rodents, Rabbits, hares & Bats
What’s a Oreodont?
Very common mammal during Paleo & Neo / Closest relative is a camel
What’s a Titanoboa?
Large snake / Largest terrestrial predator of the Paleocene
What’s a Gastornis?
Giant bird comparable to a ostrich or emu. / 2m tall
What’s a Uintatherium?
Looks like a rhino but w/ 6 ball sticks on head / Early ancestor to elephants
Info on Enteledont?
Nick-named ‘Hell Pig’ / Closely related to whales and Hippos / Got a devilish face
Info on Ratzilla?
Giant rat - 10ft long, 5ft tall / 1500 lbs
What’s a Synthetoceras?
antelope like animal w/ a sling shot horn
Describe a Chalicotherium.
Horse face / gorilla stance / big back / unexplainable weird one
Info on Gomphotherium
Ancestor Elephant (Neogene - early Pleistocene) / 4 tusks yk
What’s Megalodon?
Giant Giant Shark
Examples of Insectivores? Have they changed much since 1st evolving?
Moles / Shrews / Hedgehogs /// NO, they haven’t changed much
How did Rabbits & Hares from back then compare to modern ones.
Ancestor ones had elongated back leg bones & were larger w/ small ears
Info on Bats
Oldest fossils - Eocene (Green river - Wyoming) / resembles modern shrew w/ wings
When did Primate appear? Two main groups of Primates?
Late Cretaceous / Prosimians & Anthropoids
Info on Carnivorans?
1st appear in Pelocene / originally slow & clumsy / includes bears, seals, felines, Canines, etc..
What are Ungulates? What are the 2 sub groups of Ungulates?
Hoofed mammals / Artiodactyls & Perissodactyls
Info on Artiodactyls
even toed mammals / More diverse group / 3-4 stomachs (ruminants) & special teeth / include cattle, goats, sheep, swine, deer, etc…
Info on Perissodactyls
odd toed U-mammals / Only 16 species / simple digestive tract & special teeth for grazing / includes horses, rhinos, tapirs
Information on ancestor Elephants.
could grow tusks from upper jaw, some lower and some had both / Common in Ice Age / First appear in the Eocene
What was originally thought abt mammoths and their tusks?
Mammoths were predators / Tusks were upside down.
examples of Pleistocene Faunas?
Mammoths / Bison / Giant Beavers / Irish Elk / 10 ft Kangaroo
What’s a Glyptodon ?
During Mioce-Pleistocene / ancestor of armadillos.
Short face bear lived when?
Pleistocene
Info on Dire Wolves?
About the same size of modern gray wolf - a lil bigger or smaller
Info on Whales?
1st appear in Eocene / evolved out of ungulates
How did whales come abt?
Pakicetus (land mammal) want to go water — evolution happens —- bam whales emerge
Pleistocene extinctions possibilities?
Climate Change hypothesis- climate change too quick / Overkill Hypothesis
What’s Great American Interchange?
Connection between Na and SA / living SA exports: possum/armadillos / living NA exports: deer, camels, horses / 50% SA have NA origins - 20% NA have SA origins
What’s La brea Tar pits?
Tar pits that contain lot of fossils like saber tooth tigers, dire wolves, and vultures / fossil rich
Major mammoth places?
The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, SD / Waco Mammoth National Monument / Ellie May
Difference between Paleogene / Pleistocene / Paleocene
Paleo
