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Historical Geology (1-1) > 11/8 - 11/13 (Cenozoic ANIMALS) > Flashcards

11/8 - 11/13 (Cenozoic ANIMALS) Flashcards

Unit 4 (Deck #2)

1
Q

Popular Invertebrate groups name.

A

Forams / Radiolaria / Corals / Bryozoans / Mollusks / Echinoids

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2
Q

Info on Corals

A

Take over as major reef builders / prolific in Indo-Pacific and Caribbean

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3
Q

Info on Cenozoic Vegetation and Climate

A

angiosperms - temperate & cool environments / gymnosperms
(especially conifers) - fringe environments, extreme north and high altitude mts

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4
Q

Info on Grass!

A

Most recent plant to appear / 40 mya / modern grass - 6 mya / better at tolerating high temp and dry conditions

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5
Q

What Birds evolved in Paleogene?

A

Ducks / Hawks / Owls / Penguins /Vultures

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6
Q

T or F. Bird skeletons have changed a lot since Cretaceous.

A

F! / only a few tweaks since then

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7
Q

Info on rise of Mammals.

A

Not very diverse thru Mesozoic / Diversify after dinosaurs go extinct / Most mammal history comes from their teeth

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8
Q

Give info on Monotremes

A

egg laying mammals / Separate evolutionary history from
other 2 mammal groups / Poor fossil record

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9
Q

Examples of Monotremes?

A

platypus and echidna

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10
Q

Give info on Marsupials.

A

Give birth to immature young, which climb into pouch to mature / Lived in Australia and SA

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11
Q

Examples of Marsupials.

A

Kangaroo / Wombat / numbat / sugar glider / marsupial mole and mouse

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12
Q

Give info on Placentals

A

Give birth to more mature, live young / offspring can see, walk, and run within mins of birth / More than 90% of mammals are placentals / Most groups evolved in Early Cenozoic

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13
Q

Examples of Placentals?

A

Cats / Dogs / Humans / Cows etc

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14
Q

Info of mammals during Paleogene and Neogene?

A

Most species are small - less than 1 kg / Include insectivores, Rodents, Rabbits, hares & Bats

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15
Q

What’s a Oreodont?

A

Very common mammal during Paleo & Neo / Closest relative is a camel

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16
Q

What’s a Titanoboa?

A

Large snake / Largest terrestrial predator of the Paleocene

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17
Q

What’s a Gastornis?

A

Giant bird comparable to a ostrich or emu. / 2m tall

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18
Q

What’s a Uintatherium?

A

Looks like a rhino but w/ 6 ball sticks on head / Early ancestor to elephants

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19
Q

Info on Enteledont?

A

Nick-named ‘Hell Pig’ / Closely related to whales and Hippos / Got a devilish face

20
Q

Info on Ratzilla?

A

Giant rat - 10ft long, 5ft tall / 1500 lbs

21
Q

What’s a Synthetoceras?

A

antelope like animal w/ a sling shot horn

22
Q

Describe a Chalicotherium.

A

Horse face / gorilla stance / big back / unexplainable weird one

23
Q

Info on Gomphotherium

A

Ancestor Elephant (Neogene - early Pleistocene) / 4 tusks yk

24
Q

What’s Megalodon?

A

Giant Giant Shark

25
Q

Examples of Insectivores? Have they changed much since 1st evolving?

A

Moles / Shrews / Hedgehogs /// NO, they haven’t changed much

26
Q

How did Rabbits & Hares from back then compare to modern ones.

A

Ancestor ones had elongated back leg bones & were larger w/ small ears

27
Q

Info on Bats

A

Oldest fossils - Eocene (Green river - Wyoming) / resembles modern shrew w/ wings

28
Q

When did Primate appear? Two main groups of Primates?

A

Late Cretaceous / Prosimians & Anthropoids

29
Q

Info on Carnivorans?

A

1st appear in Pelocene / originally slow & clumsy / includes bears, seals, felines, Canines, etc..

30
Q

What are Ungulates? What are the 2 sub groups of Ungulates?

A

Hoofed mammals / Artiodactyls & Perissodactyls

31
Q

Info on Artiodactyls

A

even toed mammals / More diverse group / 3-4 stomachs (ruminants) & special teeth / include cattle, goats, sheep, swine, deer, etc…

32
Q

Info on Perissodactyls

A

odd toed U-mammals / Only 16 species / simple digestive tract & special teeth for grazing / includes horses, rhinos, tapirs

33
Q

Information on ancestor Elephants.

A

could grow tusks from upper jaw, some lower and some had both / Common in Ice Age / First appear in the Eocene

34
Q

What was originally thought abt mammoths and their tusks?

A

Mammoths were predators / Tusks were upside down.

35
Q

examples of Pleistocene Faunas?

A

Mammoths / Bison / Giant Beavers / Irish Elk / 10 ft Kangaroo

36
Q

What’s a Glyptodon ?

A

During Mioce-Pleistocene / ancestor of armadillos.

37
Q

Short face bear lived when?

A

Pleistocene

38
Q

Info on Dire Wolves?

A

About the same size of modern gray wolf - a lil bigger or smaller

39
Q

Info on Whales?

A

1st appear in Eocene / evolved out of ungulates

40
Q

How did whales come abt?

A

Pakicetus (land mammal) want to go water — evolution happens —- bam whales emerge

41
Q

Pleistocene extinctions possibilities?

A

Climate Change hypothesis- climate change too quick / Overkill Hypothesis

42
Q

What’s Great American Interchange?

A

Connection between Na and SA / living SA exports: possum/armadillos / living NA exports: deer, camels, horses / 50% SA have NA origins - 20% NA have SA origins

43
Q

What’s La brea Tar pits?

A

Tar pits that contain lot of fossils like saber tooth tigers, dire wolves, and vultures / fossil rich

44
Q

Major mammoth places?

A

The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, SD / Waco Mammoth National Monument / Ellie May

45
Q

Difference between Paleogene / Pleistocene / Paleocene

A

Paleo

Historical Geology (1-1) (13 decks)

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