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Question 1

Define Fossils.

Answer 1

remains or traces of prehistoric organisms preserved in rock

Question 2

What are fossils useful for?

Answer 2

determine environment of deposition / relative age of rocks / evidence of evolution / show climate change / they’re cool

Question 3

What are Body Fossils?

Answer 3

shells, bones, stems & leaves, teeth

Question 4

What are Trace Fossils?

Answer 4

walking and feeding traces, coprolite (fossil poop), burrows

Question 5

What 2 keys must be met for fossil preservation?

Answer 5

Possession of hard parts and rapid burial.

Question 6

What do possession of hard parts and rapid burial mean?

Answer 6

hard parts like bones and teeth / when fossils get buried fast

Question 7

How can body fossils get persevered (unaltered)?

Answer 7

Freezing / mummification / preservation in amber or tar / original parts itself

Question 8

Define mummification.

Answer 8

When fossils dry out.

Question 9

What fossils are found mainly in amber?

Answer 9

Insects!

Question 10

How can body fossils get preserved (altered)?

Answer 10

Permineralization / recrystallization / replacement / carbonization

Question 11

Define permineralization.

Answer 11

process of filling in gap spaces w/ minerals

Question 12

Define recrystallization, replacement, and carbonization?

Answer 12

mineral goes to less stable to more stable version. / mineral replaces another mineral type / carbon imprint

Question 13

How do Trace Fossils preserve.

Answer 13

Molding and casting

Question 14

Define Molding? What fossils can make this?

Answer 14

Impression of organism on rock material / Body Fossils.

Question 15

Define Cast.

Answer 15

rock produced by filling up mold (made of sediment)

Question 16

Define Dendrites?

Answer 16

is mineral growth between layers of rock (looks like fossils)

Question 17

Are all fossils fossilized? Fossil material must be at least how old?

Answer 17

NO! / 10,000 yrs old

Question 18

Define Survival of the Fittest.

Answer 18

passing on genes by any means necessary

Question 19

Define Evolution.

Answer 19

gradual change through time due to mutations

Question 20

How do Mutations work? Are they random?

Answer 20

inheritance from parent to offspring. / Yes they’re Random.

Question 20

Define Tetrapod.

Answer 20

organism that has a head and 4 limbs. (+ rib cage)

Question 21

1st scientist to propose mechanism of evolution? (taken seriously)

Answer 21

Jean Baptisde de Lamark

Question 22

Who proposed Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics? What is this theory?

Answer 22

Jean Baptisde de Lamark / New traits in organisms arise because of their needs (these traits are passed on)

Question 23

Example of Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics?

Answer 23

Short necked giraffes had to struggle to reach leaves on higher branches, and thereby made their necks slightly longer. This was passed to their offspring who also made their necks longer and eventually we ended up with modern giraffes

Question 24

Who is Alfred Russel Wallace.

Answer 24

Field Biologist that wrote manuscripts on Indonesian archipelago & amazon rainforests.

Question 25

Describe the major event that occurred between Darwin and Wallace.

Answer 25

Wallace sent letter to Darwin (1858) / prompted Darwin to write OTOOS. / They introduced their evolution theory (1859)

Question 26

What is Wallace’s Line?

Answer 26

Biographic boundary that separates Asia & Australian animals

Question 27

What did Charles Darwin write? Primary point?

Answer 27

On the Origins Of Species. / Natural Selection.

Question 28

What are Darwin’s Finches experiment or wtv?

Answer 28

observations that minor variations in traits can be minimized in time when one trait is preferred