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Historical Geology (1-1) > 10/21 - 10/23 (Paleozoic INVERTEBRATES) > Flashcards

10/21 - 10/23 (Paleozoic INVERTEBRATES) Flashcards

Deck 4 (#2)

1
Q

What was the Cambrian Explosion?

A

an abundance of fossils in rock came out of nowhere

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2
Q

What were the earliest shells.

A

Ediacaran faunas

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3
Q

Advantages of an exoskeleton are..?

A

protection against UV radiation / helps against drying out / allows animals to grow larger and attach muscles / protects against predators

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4
Q

Define Pelagic

A

organisms that live in the water column

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5
Q

One word to describe Plankton and Nekton

A

Floaters and swimmers

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6
Q

Define Benthos? What are the 5 subcategories of them?

A

Lives on the seafloor /// Epifauna / Epiflora /Infauna / Sessile / Mobile

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7
Q

One word to describe Epifauna and Epiflora?

A

1st - animal / 2nd - plants

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8
Q

Define Infauna, Sessile, and Mobile. (Benthos)

A

I - organisms that live under the bottom / S - organisms that stay in place / M -Organisms that . . . move

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9
Q

Name the 4 types of feeding. (marine)

A

Suspension-feeding (filter-feeders) / Herbivores / Carnivore-scavengers / Sediment-deposit feeders

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10
Q

Define & give an example of Suspension-feeding.

A

grab bits of food from water column. AKA filter-feeders. / Sponges, corals, zooplankton, and clams

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11
Q

Define & give an example Sediment-deposit feeders.

A

mud eaters / worms

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12
Q

An organism’s place in an ecosystem is defined by..?

A

where it lives and how it eats

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13
Q

Define Trophic Levels.

A

levels of food production and consumption

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14
Q

Define Primary Producers.

A

usually autotrophs (make their own food) like plants, chemosynthetic bacteria and plankton

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15
Q

Define Primary Consumers.

A

usually herbivores

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16
Q

Define Secondary Consumers

A

usually first level carnivores

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17
Q

Define Tertiary consumers

A

top-tier predators that eat lower level predators and herbivores

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18
Q

Describe Trilobites by Benthos & more.

A

Benthic, mobile, sediment-deposit feeders (some are carnivores) / 1/2 of Cambrian Fauna

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19
Q

Describe Brachiopods by Benthos & more.

A

Inarticulates - Simple, benthic, sessile filter feeders. / Still around today! /// Articulates - Benthic, sessile, filter feeding animals / had a hinge

20
Q

What is the plane of symmetry to the hinge on both Brachiopods and Bivalves.

A

Brachiopods - perpendicular to hinge / Bivalves - Parallel to Hinge

21
Q

Are clams Brachiopods or Bivalves?

A

Bivalves

22
Q

Describe Archaeocyathids by Benthos & more.

A

Benthic, sessile, suspension feeders / Sponges…maybe?

23
Q

Describe Sponges by Benthos & more.

A

Sessile, benthic, filter feeders / Maybe Archaeocyathids

24
Q

Give info on Cnidaria.

A

Most pulled up in Cambrian / Includes true corals and jellyfish

25
Q

Give info on Molluscs.

A

Mobile marine herbivores & carnivores (majority of snails - carnivores) / Included Gastropods (snails), Clams, and
Cephalopods

26
Q

Describe Annelids by Benthos & more.

A

Infaunal, benthic, sediment-deposit feeders & epifaunal, benthic, filter feeders / regular segmented worms & sea-pens

27
Q

Describe Crinoids ‘sea lily’ by Benthos & more.

A

Sessile, benthic, filter-feeders / First appear in Cambrian / Still around today! / Nick-named the ‘sea lily’ but are actually animals.

28
Q

Describe Graptolites by Benthos & more.

A

Planktic, filter feeders / Reproduce by cloning/budding / Had saw-toothed form / Lasted until the Mississippian

29
Q

What’s special about Burgess Shale Biota?

A

Contains exceptionally preserved soft- bodied animals /
Many forms can’t be categorized to a known phyla / Basically we still don’t know what some of these animals were #Hallucigenia

30
Q

Shout out my boy Hallucigenia!

A

😛

31
Q

Describe the Opabinia.

A

Extinct arthropod / head shows unusual features: 5 eyes, mouth under the head facing backwards, and clawed proboscis that prolly passed food to mouth.

32
Q

Give info on Wiwaxia.

A

did it exist??? We not sure, its just there

33
Q

Describe the Anomalocaris.

A

Large Cambrian and 1st Tertiary Consumer / Grew abt 1 meter / Had barbed arms, large developed eyes, and a slim, elongate profile / could move VERY fast

34
Q

Describe Ordovician Marine Community

A

Dominated by the brachiopods, bryozoans, stromatoporoids, and corals / Huge increase in marine fauna

35
Q

Describe Bryozoans by Benthos & more.

A

Sessile, benthic, epifaunal suspension feeders / microscopic aquatic invertebrates that built small reef complexes thru Paleozoic (corals) / ‘moss animals’ /

36
Q

Give info on Stromatoporoids

A

type of calcareous sponge / important reef & mound builders during the Ordovician

37
Q

Give info on Corals.

A

1st corals (wrinkly horn corals and their tabulate relatives) appear in Ordovician, and dominate reef building environment

38
Q

Percentage of all species that were destroyed in Ordovician Mass Extinction? How did this extinction MAY HAVE come about?

A

88% / Glaciation

39
Q

What are the 5 major mass extensions? What was the biggest?

A

Ordovician Extinction / Devonian Extinction / Permian Extinction
Triassic Extinction / Cretaceous Extinction /// Permian Extinction

40
Q

Give info on Eurypterids

A

Arthropod class of predators / Commonly known as ‘sea scorpions’

41
Q

Give info on Ammonoid Cephalopods

A

Evolved from simple nautiloids / Dominant predators in Devonian

42
Q

Percentage of all species that were destroyed in Devonian Mass Extinction

A

87%

43
Q

What species dominant during Mississippian?

A

Crinoids

44
Q

Give info on Crinoids

A

Dominated reef structures / Turned most of Laurasia platform into semi-consolidated muds and skeletal debris

45
Q

Give info on Blastoids

A

Smaller cousins of crinoids / Nicknamed ‘sea buds’ / last till mid-Permian / Crinoids and blastoids belong to phylum Echinodermata because of radial symmetry

46
Q

Percentage of species destroyed in Permian Mass Extinction?

A

Approx. 95%

Historical Geology (1-1) (13 decks)

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