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Historical Geology (1-1) > 11/6 - 11/8 (Cenozoic LAND) > Flashcards

11/6 - 11/8 (Cenozoic LAND) Flashcards

Unit 4 (Deck #1)

1
Q

Cenozoic contains..?

A

Paleogene / Neogene / Quaternary

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2
Q

Give info on Cenozoic Plate Tectonics

A

dominated by ongoing fragmentation of Pangaea / NA & SA move west, overrides Pacific plate, opens Atlantic basin / India crashes into Asia / Africa collides w/ Europe / Australia moves north away from Antarctica

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3
Q

Name the 2 major orogenies

A

Alpine-Himalayan / Circum-Pacific

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4
Q

Give Info on Alpine Orogeny

A

built Alps that go from Spain - Greece - Turkey / Starts in Mesozoic, deformation began Cenozoic / Result of Africa colliding w/ Europe / deposited evaporites in Mediterranean / Large amounts of volcanism

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5
Q

Give info on Circum-Pacific Orogeny

A

Includes trenches & orogenies in western margins of NA, SA , CA & eastern margin (Ring of Fire) / Caused by subduction of Pacific plate under surrounding continents / Lots of volcanism, crustal shortening, and uplift

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5
Q

Give info on Himalayan Orogeny

A

Built Himalayas. / Mt chain across much of Asia & Middle East / Caused by collision of Indian plate w/ Asia / No volcanism, but lots of earthquakes

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6
Q

Give info on North American Cordillera

A

west NA - formed most of the Rockies / Includes section of Circum-Pacific / 1st episodes were in Mesozoic, w/ Nevadan, Sevier, and Laramide orogenies / Mainly by subduction of Pacific & Farallon Plates / still ongoing (more west)

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7
Q

How San Andres fault form?

A

A ridge separating the Pacific and Farallon plates subducted with the plates

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7
Q

Most of Cenozoic dominated by..? (what plates?)

A

subduction of the Pacific and Farallon plates

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7
Q

Give info on Laramide Orogeny

A

Late Cretaceous-Eocene / Further inland than prior orogenies / Deformation was mostly vertical uplifts

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8
Q

Describe the Grand Canyon and how it formed.

A

incised valley within Colorado plateau, caused by erosion of a river

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9
Q

What are examples of what the Laramide Orogeny created.

A

Rocky Mountains / The Grand Canyon / The Black Hills /

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10
Q

Give info on Basin and Range Province.

A

780,000 sq km / Crust stretched and thinned / Could be failed rifting event of NA Craton or shallow angle of Farallon plate subduction

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11
Q

2 most important things (structures?) in Cordilleran Igneous Activity?

A

1st) Yellowstone supervolcano / Snake River Plain (Idaho)

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12
Q

What is the Snake River Plain and where located?

A

a large crustal depression infilled with volcanic debris / Idaho

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13
Q

Info on San Juan Volcanic Field?

A

Southwest Colorado / Primarily Oligocene in age

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14
Q

Info on Cascade Range?

A

Northern California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia / Series of volcanoes and vents / Still active

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15
Q

Most dangerous volcano/mountain in Cascade Range?

A

Mount Rainier

16
Q

Info on RIO GRANDE RIFT?

A

North-South rift zone extending from Colorado to Mexico / 8,000 m of displacement / ongoing, but very slow

17
Q

How was the continental interior during the Paleo and Neo? (land)

A

Great Plains & Central Lowlands

18
Q

Cenozoic History of Appalachians?

A

Rejuvenation of mountains begin due to isostatic rebound / After Apps eroded crust rebounds / comes up cuz of large amount of crust pressed into mantle / Triggers Apps to grow again

19
Q

Define Water gaps

A

space in a ridge where rivers/streams flow through

20
Q

Define Wind gap

A

place where water cut through, but no longer flows

21
Q

Info on Gulf Coast Plain?

A

Covered parts of TX to Florida / clastic sediments deposited ? Florida has reefs and related carbonates formed

22
Q

Info on Atlantic Coastal Plain

A

Thinner area of deposition exposed on land / very wide (from Florida
peninsula to eastern seaboard at Massachusetts

23
Q

EARLY CENOZOIC MINERAL RESOURCES????

A

Oil Shales / Phosphorus / Diatomite / Coal / California Gold

24
Q

Info on Pleistocene Tectonics

A

NA into SA / Isthmus of Panama- forms abt 3 mya -creates land bridge, connects NA & SA / Separates Atlantic from Pacific / turns Caribbean into closed seaway

25
Q

Iceland forms… how many yrs ago..?

A

16-17 mya

26
Q

Info on Pleistocene Stratigraphy

A

Dominated by Glaciation w/ multiple glacial stages / at least 11 ep in NA / Ice core shows at least 20 ep

27
Q

Define Till

A

glacial debris

28
Q

Define Moraines

A

large glacial hills / either terminal or lateral

29
Q

Define Outwash

A

channels, deltas, and debris formed from the draining glacial melt

30
Q

Define Ice-scoured plains

A

fjords, u-shaped valleys, stripped and striated bedrock

31
Q

Info on Deep Sea Stratigraphy

A

Traditional views of ice age chronology was based on the terrestrial sediments / Deep Sea data - 1960s

32
Q

How Ice age started???

A

Glaciation starts 40 mya / Triggered by separation of Antarctica
from other continents / Ice formation - rapid

33
Q

Give info on Climates of the Pleistocene and Holocene

A

Climate was not as frigid / polar latitudes - frozen, equator and mid-latitudes - warm / Instability in temp obvious at poles, least felt at equator

34
Q

Effects of Glaciation?

A

Changes in Sea Level / more ice on continents - lower sea level, less ice - high sea lvl

35
Q

Define Isostatic rebound

A

when the land rises back up

36
Q

Define Pluvial lakes

A

large lakes in arid environments that were supported by cooler
weather and heightened precipitation levels associated with glacial periods

37
Q

Define Proglacial lakes

A

glacial lakes formed along the margins of melting glaciers. / How the great lakes formed

38
Q

Cause of Glaciation? (or in this instance, wtv)

A

Reduced carbon dioxide levels / Milankovitch Cycles / Closure of East-West flow between Atlantic and Pacific / Albedo / + alot more

39
Q

How are Glaciers Today?

A

Much more restricted / Interglacial period - 10% of surface / All glaciers are retreating / cuz of increased precipitation / Antarctica melting from below.

40
Q

Mineral Resources in Glaciers

A

Sand and Gravel / Sand and gravel have criminal activity involved / Minor Evaporites from d glacial lakes

Historical Geology (1-1) (13 decks)

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