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Historical Geology (1-1) > 10/16 - 10/18 (Paleozoic LAND) > Flashcards

10/16 - 10/18 (Paleozoic LAND) Flashcards

Unit 3 (Deck #1)

1
Q

When was the largest Glaciation in Earth’s history and what was its name during this time?

A

900-600 million yrs ago / Snowball Earth

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2
Q

What are Tillites?

A

glacial sedimentary deposits

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3
Q

Oldest Eukaryote?

A

Bangiomorpha

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4
Q

Older but questionable Eukaryote ?

A

Grypania

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5
Q

Name Proterozoic Mineral Resources. pls

A

Iron Ore / Metals - Copper, Nickel, Platinum / From igneous rocks - Tin & Lithium

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6
Q

What periods do the Paleozoic Era contain?

A

Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and
Permian periods

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7
Q

Define Mobile Belts.

A

long chains of mountain building (where orogenies happen)

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8
Q

What are the Four Important Mobile belts in the Early Paleozoic (NA) ?

A

Cordilleran (west) / Oachita (south) / Appalachian (east) / Franklin (north)

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9
Q

What are the 6 major landmasses during Paleozoic?

A

Baltica / China / Gondwana / Kazakhstani / Laurentia / Siberia

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10
Q

What’s happening during the Cambrian? (continents)

A

All continets @ equator / globe ice free / water flows freely / no subduction or collison

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11
Q

What’s happening during the Ordovician? (continents)

A

Gondwana moves south & glaciers form / Avalonia (island chain) separates from Gondwana and moves North, collides w/ Baltica / Laurentia develops and subduction begins, triggers Taconic orogeny

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12
Q

What’s happening during the Silurian? (continents)

A

Baltica moves north & collides w/ Laurentia / creates Laurasia / collision marked by Caledonian orogeny / Siberia & Kazakhstania both move north to northern temperate latitudes

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13
Q

Laurentia goes through many changes of what? (during Cam, Ord, and Sil)

A

Sea level rises and falls.

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14
Q

The 6 major Sloss sequences are…?

A

Sauk / Tippecanoe / Kaskaskia / Absaroka / Zuni / Tejas

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15
Q

Give info on Sauk Sequence.

A

First major transgression! / Begins Mid Cambrian / Eventually floods continent, leaves only Canadian shield & transcontinental arch / lots of shallow water carbonates & clastics / Ends Early Ordovician

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16
Q

Give info on Tippecanoe Sequence.

A

Starts Mid Ordovician, ends Early Devonian / Deposits clean quartz sands (St Peter’s Sandstone) / Followed by widespread carbonates / sum restricted basins form, & fill w/ evaporites (Michigan Basin)

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17
Q

How Michigan Basin???

A

Depression forms / reefs grow along edge / Water trickles thru reef structures / a lotta evaporation… BAM

18
Q

How did Appalachian Mobile Belt form?

A

Laurentia + Baltica = Laurasia / Iapetus ocean closes and Appalachian belt forms

19
Q

Mineral Resources during EARLIER Paleozoic?

A

Sand, Gravel, and Building Stone / Evaporate deposits for salt and gypsum / Lead and Zinc from continental dolostones

20
Q

What’s happening during the Devonian? (continent)

A

southern Rheic (Iapetus) closes / Gondwana drives toward Laurasia / Acadian orogeny releases red stained continental debris across Laurasia / creates future Europe and North America

21
Q

Give info on PART 1 of Kaskasia Sequence.

A

Begins mid Devonian, sea level rises & Kaskaskia Sequence (uncomformity) covers continents / floods make reef systems, & restricted water flow allows for evaporite deposits / mountains LATER feed lotta muds into basins / Part 1 known for Black Shale deposits

22
Q

Why is the Carboniferous Period subdivided on the geologic time scale, but only for the United States?

A

In the US, we have a really good rock record showing two distinct depositional environments occuring thru Carboniferous.

23
Q

What are the sub periods of the Carboniferous Period? (in order)

A

Mississippian and Pennsylvanian

24
Q

What does the Mississippian show? What does the Pennsylvanian show? (on the continent)

A

M - warm shallow seas / P - large swamps and giant insects!

25
Q

What’s happening during the Carboniferous? (continent)

A

Southern Gondwana moves to South pole, allows EXTENSIVE continental glaciation / Cyclothems occur / Gondwana impacts south part of Laurasia during Pennsylvanian / triggers orogenies along southern margin, goes east to west

26
Q

What are Cyclothems? How are they caused? How do they end?

A

regular changes in sedimentation with rises and falls of sea level on continents / Transgressions and Regressions / alternating bands of terrestrial & marine deposits

27
Q

Give info on PART 2 of Kaskasia Sequence.

A

Mid and late Mississippian lacked large amounts of debris so depositional regime returns to carbonate deposition / there is fine carbonate muds, w/ripples, ooids, and numerous fossils / End of MISS -Kaskaskia drained continents, and widespread erosion occurs

28
Q

Give info on PART 1 of Absaroka Sequence.

A

From Pennsylvanian-Early Jurassic / large unconformity between Kaskaskia and Absaroka sequences is dividing point between the MISS and PENN / Lots of deposition of cyclothems - complex rising and falling of sea- levels

29
Q

Give info on PART 2 of Absaroka Sequence.

A

During late PENN, crustal stresses in Laurasia cause warping of plate / One Great area affected by this was the Southwest Laurasia (Colorado), where Ancestral Rockies formed

30
Q

Give info on PART 3 of Absaroka Sequence.

A

In late PENN and Permian, Absaroka recedes / left reefs and lagoons, especially across the central plain states exposed

31
Q

What is a good example of reefs after the Absaroka receded? (present day)

A

Guadalupian Mountains!!

32
Q

What’s happening during the Permian? (continent)

A

All continental land masses are together, closing off all the oceans / Pangea is complete!!!

33
Q

Name of outlying ocean by Pangaea?

A

Panthalassa

34
Q

Why was much of Pangaea Hot and Arid?

A

Large mountains on east side created large rain shadows,

35
Q

What’s happening on the west side of Pangaea

A

A subduction zone dominated by volcanism

36
Q

What’s the Antler Orogeny?

A

An island arc (formed by volcanism) that ran into the west coast and created a mountain range

37
Q

Info on Ouachita Mobile Belt?

A

During Late Mississippian, belt that is related to the Appalachian Mobile belt movement

38
Q

Orogenies in Appalachian Mobile Belt?

A

Caledonian Orogeny / Acadian Orogeny / Hercynian (Variscan)-Alleghenian Orogeny

39
Q

What did the Hercynian (Variscan)-Alleghenian Orogeny do?

A

Marked the line where Gondwana and Laurasia collided. / Built the Appalachian Mountains

40
Q

Mineral Resources during LATER Paleozic? (most important to least)

A

Coal / Natural Gas / Some evaporites and limestone

Historical Geology (1-1) (13 decks)

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