10/23 - 10/28 (Paleozoic VERTEBRATES and PLANTS)

Question 1

Define Chordates

Answer 1

animals with notochords and a central nerve cord

Question 2

Define Vertebrates

Answer 2

subphylum of chordates with backbones

Question 3

What were the earliest chordates like?

Answer 3

soft-bodied and lacking bones

Question 4

Closest relative of the chordates?

Answer 4

Eechinoderms!

Question 5

Oldest Chordate? How old?

Answer 5

Yunnanozoon / 525 million years old

Question 6

What is the first true fish? When did it come about?

Answer 6

Ostracoderms / Upper Cambrian

Question 7

Name the 3 important fish groups.

Answer 7

Jawless fish / Bony fish / Cartilaginous fish

Question 8

2 groups of Bony fish?

Answer 8

Ray-finned fishes / Lobed-fin fishes

Question 9

Give info on jawless fish

Answer 9

AKA Agnathids / Most are extinct / Examples of some today - lamprey and Hagfish

Question 10

Tell us about the evolution of Fish Jaws.

Answer 10

had mouths that stayed open to allow water flow / added flexibility to a few gill arches for opening and closing, easier water flow / jaws for eating

Question 11

Give info on Placoderms

Answer 11

Armored fish - heavily armored skulls, plated scales, and
sharp, scissor-like jaws / Peaked in Devonian / Largest was Dunkleosteus (up to 12 m)

Question 12

Give info on Chrondrichthyes

Answer 12

AKA Cartilaginous fishes / Includes sharks, rays, and skates / Appear in early Devonian / shark VERY successful in la vida.

Question 13

Give info on Osteichthyes

Answer 13

AKA Bony fishes / Include modern ray-finned and lobe finned fishes / Lobe finned are ancestral to all tetrapods

Question 13

3 groups of lobe finned fish?

Answer 13

Lung-fish / Coelacanths / Crossopterygians

Question 14

What obstacles did Amphibians first have to overcome?

Answer 14

Gravity / Desiccation (not dry out) / Reproduction / Breathing

Question 15

Give info on Labyrinthodonts

Answer 15

First true amphibians (that we know of) / ancestral to all extant
land-living vertebrates.

Question 16

Define amniote eggs

Answer 16

special eggs that can be laid outside of water without the risk of drying out / instant immature adults too

Question 16

What organisms first move from water to land? What period?

Answer 16

Plants / Ordovician

Question 17

Describe the Meganuera

Answer 17

Huge dragonfly, abt .5 meter in length and .75 meters in width.

Question 18

Describe the Arthropleura

Answer 18

Giant Millipede, abt 8.5 feet long

Question 19

Who ruled Carboniferous?

Answer 19

Plants and Insects!

Question 20

Why huge insects in Carboniferous?

Answer 20

High oxygen levels by forests.

Question 21

Define anapsid, synapsid and diapsids.

Answer 21

A - no openings behind eye / S -one opening behind eye / D - two openings behind eye

Question 22

3 early reptile groups?

Answer 22

Protorothyrids, Pelycosaurs and Therapsids

Question 23

Define Protorothyrids

Answer 23

small, agile, early reptiles

Question 24

Define Pelycosaurs

Answer 24

finbacked, reptile-like animals dominant thru early Permian

Question 25

Define Therapsids

Answer 25

mammal-like reptiles that were likely endothermic (warm-
blooded) / ancestral to all mammals

Question 26

What kind of plants were first on land?

Answer 26

Nonvascular plants / Moss, liverworts, hornworts

Question 27

Give info on Vascular Plants

Answer 27

had special tissues for movement of water & nutrients / Prolly evolved from green algae / First were seedless (ferns)

Question 28

Give info on Gymnosperms

Answer 28

1st seed plants / Includes modern conifers (pine trees) / male and female ‘cones’ / Seeds allowed them to get on land

Question 29

How Permian Mass Extinction? how continued?

Answer 29

Volcanic Eruption/ basalt up to 2.5 miles deep in the Russia continent /// largest known Paleozoic coal deposits found exists in the Tunguska Basin, may have been over a hot spot.

Question 30

Where in Texas do we find Paleozoic rocks?

Answer 30

Mineral Wells State Park / Pedernales Falls State Park / Palo Duro Canyon State Park