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FRAC NAWS 2017 > 107 General Aviation Fundamentals > Flashcards

107 General Aviation Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Define Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

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2
Q

Define Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

An object pushed with 10 pounds of force will move faster than with 5 pounds

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3
Q

Define Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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4
Q

Describe Inertia

A

an objects willingness to remain at rest or in motion

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5
Q

Describe Acceleration

A

The rate of change of the speed and/or velocity of matter with time

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6
Q

Describe Speed

A

The rate of movement or motion in a given amount of time.

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7
Q

Describe Velocity

A

rate of movement in a given amount of time AND direction

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8
Q

Define Bernoulli’s Principle

A

When a liquid flowing through a tube reaches a constriction point, the speed is increased and its pressure is decreased.

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9
Q

Describe Lift

A

The force that acts in an upward direction

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10
Q

Describe Weight

A

The force of gravity acting downward

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11
Q

Describe Drag

A

The resistance to motion

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12
Q

Describe Thrust

A

Force developed by the engines acting in a forward direction

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13
Q

Describe the Longitudinal Axis

A

Line down the center from the nose to the tail of an aircraft, roll

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14
Q

Describe the Lateral Axis

A

Line parallel to wings, pitch

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15
Q

describe the Vertical Axis

A

Line from top to bottom, yaw

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16
Q

State the three primary movements of aircraft about the axes

A

Pitch, roll, yaw

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17
Q

Identify and state the purpose of the primary flight controls for Fixed-Wing Aircraft

A

Yoke, throttle, rudder pedals, Aileron, Elevation

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18
Q

Identify and state the purpose of the primary flight controls for Rotary Wing Aircraft

A

Collective, cyclic, tail rotor pedals

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19
Q

State the purpose of Flap

A

Gives aircraft extra lift

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20
Q

State the purpose of Spoiler

A

Used to decrease wing lift

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21
Q

State the purpose of Speed Brakes

A

Used to reduce the speed of aircraft

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22
Q

State the purpose of Slats

A

Attached to leading edge of wing for boundary layer control, increase/decrease angle of attack

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23
Q

State the purpose of the Horizontal Stabilizer

A

Stability of vertical and longitudinal axis, directional stability

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24
Q

State the purpose of the Vertical Stabilizer (what planes have on the tail)

A

Stability of longitudinal axis, directional stability

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25
Q

State the purpose of the Tail Rotor

A

Counteracts torque action of main rotor by producing thrust in opposite direction

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26
Q

State the purpose of the Trim Tabs

A

Located on the back of an elevator to keep the aircraft level

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27
Q

Explain the term Angle of Attack

A

The angle at which the airfoil encounters the air

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28
Q

Explain the term Autorotation

A

Use of reverse airflow to safely land helicopter, trading Nr for Np.

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29
Q

State the components of a basic hydraulic system

A

PARTS: Pump, Actuator, Reservoir, Tubing, Selector Valve

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30
Q

Describe and explain the main components of landing gear

A

Shock struts, tires, brakes, retracting and extending mechanism, side struts and supports,

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31
Q

State the safety precautions used when servicing aircraft tires (on the aircraft)

A

Approach from fore and aft, can explode outward from the side

32
Q

Describe the Turbojet engine system

A

Projects a column of air to the rear for propulsion

33
Q

Describe a Turboshaft engine system

A

power through a driveshaft providing power to rotors or propulsion device

34
Q

Describe a Turboprop engine system

A

Conversion of gas-energy into mechanical power to drive a propeller

35
Q

Describe a Turbofan engine system

A

Conversion of gas-energy into mechanical power to drive a fan. Same as Turboprop except the propeller is replaced with an enclosed fan.

36
Q

State the NATO symbols and explain the characteristics and reason for the use of JP-4

A

F-40/ 6.3 lbs/gal, lowest flashpoint, not authorized on ships

37
Q

Define the term flash point

A

Flashpoint describes the lowest temperature at which a fuel can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture with air.

38
Q

State the NATO symbols and explain the characteristics and reason for the use of JP-5

A

F-44/ 6.7 lbs/gal, authorized for use aboard naval vessels

39
Q

State the NATO symbols and explain the characteristics and reason for the use of JP-8

A

F-34/ F-34/ 6.7 lbs/gal, Not authorized for use aboard ships

40
Q

Describe the three hazards associated with aircraft refueling

A

Explosion from fumes, vapor inhalation, toxic contact with skin/eyes

41
Q

Explain HERO conditions

A

Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance. Emitted radiation can set ordinance off.

42
Q

Explain the purpose of the APU

A

Pneumatically start the engines; power ECS, Provide power during ground/ emergency ops

43
Q

Discuss icing and its effects on the performance of naval aircraft

A

Power/lift loss, increased drag/weight, ice shards can hit tail rotor during rapid decents

44
Q

State the purpose of the Pitot-Static Tube

A

Barometric pressure, connect to airspeed, altimeter and rate of climb

45
Q

State the purpose of the Airspeed Indicator

A

Displays speed of aircraft in relation to the air in which it’s flying

46
Q

State the purpose of the Altimeters

A

Height of aircraft

47
Q

State the purpose of the Rate-of-climb

A

Rate aircraft is rising or descending

48
Q

State the purpose of the Attitude Bank Indicator

A

Displays the relative position of the aircraft compared to the earth’s horizon

49
Q

State the purpose of the Turn and Bank Indicator

A

Tells you what degree you’re rolling to (Angle of Bank)

50
Q

State the purpose of the Navigation Systems

A

Radios, TACAN, transmitters, EGI, GPS

51
Q

State the purpose of the IFF/SIF

A

Identification Friend or Foe/Selective Identification system. Transmits a certain “squawk” code identifying and relaying information about that aircraft.

52
Q

State the purpose of the RADAR

A

Radio Detection and Ranging; detects objects range and heading

53
Q

State the purpose of the Magnetic Compass

A

Points to magnetic north

54
Q

State the purpose of the Communication Systems

A

Relays comms for CRM via ICS and radios

55
Q

State the purpose of Bombs

A

free falling Unguided explosives

56
Q

State the purpose of the Rockets

A

Propelled bombs. Unguided, unable to change direction

57
Q

State the purpose of Missiles

A

Propelled, guided via laser, heat signature, optics, etc. capable of changing direction

58
Q

State the purpose of Mines

A

Passive defense/attack system. Set off by influence/ magnetically/ acoustics

59
Q

State the purpose of Torpedoes

A

Underwater missiles, guided and unguided

60
Q

State the purpose of Chaff/Flares

A

Decoy to deter RADAR and IR missiles

61
Q

State the purpose of Crew Served Weapons

A

Gau-21, M240D used for self defense and in close support

62
Q

Explain the purpose of a Fuse

A

Protective device designed to break in case of a surge of energy the electrical component can’t handle. Instantly severs the electrical current and cannot be reset

63
Q

State the purpose of a Circuit Breaker

A

Same as a fuse but they can be reset

64
Q

Describe the three hazards associated with jet fuel

A

dirty fuel, ppe to protect from vapors/irritation, gravity refueling not authroized while rotors turning

65
Q

State the difference between fixed-wing and rotor airfoils

A

FixedWing- mostly stationary and more cambered on the top and flat on the bottom.

66
Q

Define an airfoil

A

shape of wing/rotor blade. air goes above and below, air on top of the airfoil speeds up and stretches out, it creates lower pressure, so the higher pressure underneath tries to move up toward the lower pressure on top of the airfoil and thus creates lift.

67
Q

Discuss Wind Warnings and their effect on naval aviation

A
  1. Small Craft-harbor and inland waters (18-33 knots)
  2. Gale- same plus ocean areas, airfields & installations (34-47 knots)
  3. Storm- same (48+ knots)
68
Q

Discuss Hurricane/Typhoon conditions and their effect on naval aviation

A 
Destructive winds of 80 knots or greater are occurring or anticipated within:
I. 12 hrs
II. 24 hrs
III. 48 hrs
IV. 72 hrs
V. 96 hrs
69
Q

Discuss T-Storm/Tornado conditions and their effect on naval aviation

A

I- Destructive winds/Lightning, etc, is happening now, seek shelter
II- Destructive storm is anticipated within 6 hours

70
Q

Discuss Thunderstorm Watch/Warning

A

Watch- storm gusts up to 50 mph or hail 3/4 inch in diameter

warning- storm is confirmed within 3 miles of airfield or in the immediate area

71
Q

Discuss Tornado Watch/Warning

A

Watch- a severe thunderstorm is capable of producing tornados
Warning- a tornado that has been sighted or confirmed via radar

72
Q

Discuss Winter Storm Advisory

A

Possible snow or other winter conditions that pose a threat to specific personnel

73
Q

Discuss Winter Storm Watch/Warning

A

Watch- freezing rain, heavy snow, drizzle/sleet, etc. risks are increased significantly but not confirmed
Warning- Freezing rain, hail, heavy snow imminent

74
Q

Discuss Wind Shear

A

When wind is going one direction and rapidly changes to another

75
Q

Discuss Micro burst

A

A column of wind moving straight down. Common in mountain areas

76
Q

Discuss SIGMET

A

Significant Meteorological Advisory:
Convective- line of 60 nm of storms or a T-storm spanning 3,000 sm or a severe embedded T-storm expected to last 30 mins or longer
Convective
Non-Convective - turbulence, icing conditions or IMC conditions over a 3,000 sm area

FRAC NAWS 2017 (19 decks)

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