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FRAC NAWS 2017 > 107 General Aviation Fundamentals > Flashcards

107 General Aviation Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Define Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

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2
Q

Define Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

An object pushed with 10 pounds of force will move faster than with 5 pounds

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3
Q

Define Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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4
Q

Describe Inertia

A

an objects willingness to remain at rest or in motion

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5
Q

Describe Acceleration

A

The rate of change of the speed and/or velocity of matter with time

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6
Q

Describe Speed

A

The rate of movement or motion in a given amount of time.

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7
Q

Describe Velocity

A

rate of movement in a given amount of time AND direction

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8
Q

Define Bernoulli’s Principle

A

When a liquid flowing through a tube reaches a constriction point, the speed is increased and its pressure is decreased.

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9
Q

Describe Lift

A

The force that acts in an upward direction

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10
Q

Describe Weight

A

The force of gravity acting downward

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11
Q

Describe Drag

A

The resistance to motion

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12
Q

Describe Thrust

A

Force developed by the engines acting in a forward direction

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13
Q

Describe the Longitudinal Axis

A

Line down the center from the nose to the tail of an aircraft, roll

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14
Q

Describe the Lateral Axis

A

Line parallel to wings, pitch

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15
Q

describe the Vertical Axis

A

Line from top to bottom, yaw

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16
Q

State the three primary movements of aircraft about the axes

A

Pitch, roll, yaw

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17
Q

Identify and state the purpose of the primary flight controls for Fixed-Wing Aircraft

A

Yoke, throttle, rudder pedals, Aileron, Elevation

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18
Q

Identify and state the purpose of the primary flight controls for Rotary Wing Aircraft

A

Collective, cyclic, tail rotor pedals

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19
Q

State the purpose of Flap

A

Gives aircraft extra lift

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20
Q

State the purpose of Spoiler

A

Used to decrease wing lift

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21
Q

State the purpose of Speed Brakes

A

Used to reduce the speed of aircraft

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22
Q

State the purpose of Slats

A

Attached to leading edge of wing for boundary layer control, increase/decrease angle of attack

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23
Q

State the purpose of the Horizontal Stabilizer

A

Stability of vertical and longitudinal axis, directional stability

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24
Q

State the purpose of the Vertical Stabilizer (what planes have on the tail)

A

Stability of longitudinal axis, directional stability

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25
State the purpose of the Tail Rotor
Counteracts torque action of main rotor by producing thrust in opposite direction
26
State the purpose of the Trim Tabs
Located on the back of an elevator to keep the aircraft level
27
Explain the term Angle of Attack
The angle at which the airfoil encounters the air
28
Explain the term Autorotation
Use of reverse airflow to safely land helicopter, trading Nr for Np.
29
State the components of a basic hydraulic system
PARTS: Pump, Actuator, Reservoir, Tubing, Selector Valve
30
Describe and explain the main components of landing gear
Shock struts, tires, brakes, retracting and extending mechanism, side struts and supports,
31
State the safety precautions used when servicing aircraft tires (on the aircraft)
Approach from fore and aft, can explode outward from the side
32
Describe the Turbojet engine system
Projects a column of air to the rear for propulsion
33
Describe a Turboshaft engine system
power through a driveshaft providing power to rotors or propulsion device
34
Describe a Turboprop engine system
Conversion of gas-energy into mechanical power to drive a propeller
35
Describe a Turbofan engine system
Conversion of gas-energy into mechanical power to drive a fan. Same as Turboprop except the propeller is replaced with an enclosed fan.
36
State the NATO symbols and explain the characteristics and reason for the use of JP-4
F-40/ 6.3 lbs/gal, lowest flashpoint, not authorized on ships
37
Define the term flash point
Flashpoint describes the lowest temperature at which a fuel can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture with air.
38
State the NATO symbols and explain the characteristics and reason for the use of JP-5
F-44/ 6.7 lbs/gal, authorized for use aboard naval vessels
39
State the NATO symbols and explain the characteristics and reason for the use of JP-8
F-34/ F-34/ 6.7 lbs/gal, Not authorized for use aboard ships
40
Describe the three hazards associated with aircraft refueling
Explosion from fumes, vapor inhalation, toxic contact with skin/eyes
41
Explain HERO conditions
Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance. Emitted radiation can set ordinance off.
42
Explain the purpose of the APU
Pneumatically start the engines; power ECS, Provide power during ground/ emergency ops
43
Discuss icing and its effects on the performance of naval aircraft
Power/lift loss, increased drag/weight, ice shards can hit tail rotor during rapid decents
44
State the purpose of the Pitot-Static Tube
Barometric pressure, connect to airspeed, altimeter and rate of climb
45
State the purpose of the Airspeed Indicator
Displays speed of aircraft in relation to the air in which it's flying
46
State the purpose of the Altimeters
Height of aircraft
47
State the purpose of the Rate-of-climb
Rate aircraft is rising or descending
48
State the purpose of the Attitude Bank Indicator
Displays the relative position of the aircraft compared to the earth's horizon
49
State the purpose of the Turn and Bank Indicator
Tells you what degree you're rolling to (Angle of Bank)
50
State the purpose of the Navigation Systems
Radios, TACAN, transmitters, EGI, GPS
51
State the purpose of the IFF/SIF
Identification Friend or Foe/Selective Identification system. Transmits a certain "squawk" code identifying and relaying information about that aircraft.
52
State the purpose of the RADAR
Radio Detection and Ranging; detects objects range and heading
53
State the purpose of the Magnetic Compass
Points to magnetic north
54
State the purpose of the Communication Systems
Relays comms for CRM via ICS and radios
55
State the purpose of Bombs
free falling Unguided explosives
56
State the purpose of the Rockets
Propelled bombs. Unguided, unable to change direction
57
State the purpose of Missiles
Propelled, guided via laser, heat signature, optics, etc. capable of changing direction
58
State the purpose of Mines
Passive defense/attack system. Set off by influence/ magnetically/ acoustics
59
State the purpose of Torpedoes
Underwater missiles, guided and unguided
60
State the purpose of Chaff/Flares
Decoy to deter RADAR and IR missiles
61
State the purpose of Crew Served Weapons
Gau-21, M240D used for self defense and in close support
62
Explain the purpose of a Fuse
Protective device designed to break in case of a surge of energy the electrical component can't handle. Instantly severs the electrical current and cannot be reset
63
State the purpose of a Circuit Breaker
Same as a fuse but they can be reset
64
Describe the three hazards associated with jet fuel
dirty fuel, ppe to protect from vapors/irritation, gravity refueling not authroized while rotors turning
65
State the difference between fixed-wing and rotor airfoils
FixedWing- mostly stationary and more cambered on the top and flat on the bottom.
66
Define an airfoil
shape of wing/rotor blade. air goes above and below, air on top of the airfoil speeds up and stretches out, it creates lower pressure, so the higher pressure underneath tries to move up toward the lower pressure on top of the airfoil and thus creates lift.
67
Discuss Wind Warnings and their effect on naval aviation
1. Small Craft-harbor and inland waters (18-33 knots) 2. Gale- same plus ocean areas, airfields & installations (34-47 knots) 3. Storm- same (48+ knots)
68
Discuss Hurricane/Typhoon conditions and their effect on naval aviation
``` Destructive winds of 80 knots or greater are occurring or anticipated within: I. 12 hrs II. 24 hrs III. 48 hrs IV. 72 hrs V. 96 hrs ```
69
Discuss T-Storm/Tornado conditions and their effect on naval aviation
I- Destructive winds/Lightning, etc, is happening now, seek shelter II- Destructive storm is anticipated within 6 hours
70
Discuss Thunderstorm Watch/Warning
Watch- storm gusts up to 50 mph or hail 3/4 inch in diameter | warning- storm is confirmed within 3 miles of airfield or in the immediate area
71
Discuss Tornado Watch/Warning
Watch- a severe thunderstorm is capable of producing tornados Warning- a tornado that has been sighted or confirmed via radar
72
Discuss Winter Storm Advisory
Possible snow or other winter conditions that pose a threat to specific personnel
73
Discuss Winter Storm Watch/Warning
Watch- freezing rain, heavy snow, drizzle/sleet, etc. risks are increased significantly but not confirmed Warning- Freezing rain, hail, heavy snow imminent
74
Discuss Wind Shear
When wind is going one direction and rapidly changes to another
75
Discuss Micro burst
A column of wind moving straight down. Common in mountain areas
76
Discuss SIGMET
Significant Meteorological Advisory: Convective- line of 60 nm of storms or a T-storm spanning 3,000 sm or a severe embedded T-storm expected to last 30 mins or longer Convective Non-Convective - turbulence, icing conditions or IMC conditions over a 3,000 sm area

FRAC NAWS 2017 (19 decks)

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