102 First Aid Fundamentals

Question 1

Describe the primary purpose of first aid.

Answer 1

Provide emergency care

Question 2

State the three objectives of First Aid

Answer 2

Save life, prevent further injury, prevent infection

Question 3

State the methods of controlling bleeding

Answer 3

Direct pressure, pressure point, elevation, tourniquet

Question 4

Identify an example of a pressure point

Answer 4

Place where a main artery is close to the skin surface and over a bone. Brachial artery in inner elbow. 22 total

Question 5

Describe the common causes of suicide.

Answer 5

Depression, mental illness, feeling hopeless

Question 6

Describe the symptoms and treatment for shock

Answer 6

Vacant eyes, lack of pulse in extremities, feeling cold. Elevate legs and cover to keep warm

Question 7

Describe a 1st degree burn

Answer 7

Superficial: red skin, tender

Question 8

2nd-degree burn

Answer 8

Partial-thickness: bubbly, blistered, excruciating pain

Question 9

3rd-degree burn

Answer 9

Full-thickness: charred skin, fried nerve endings, not as painful as 2nd degree

Question 10

State the symptoms and treatment for the following heat-related injuries: Heat Exhaustion

Answer 10

cool, moist skin, profuse sweating. Pupils dilated. Body heat may even be below normal. Apply wet cloths and fan the victim. Don’t let them get chilled. Give small amounts of water to drink.

Question 11

State the symptoms and treatment for the following heat-related injuries: Heat Stroke

Answer 11

breakdown of sweating, Pupils constricted. Very high body temperature. Hot, dry skin, weak, rapid pulse. Pack ice in heat areas (groin, armpits, neck, etc.) but bear in mind that permanent brain damage can result from heat stroke

Question 12

State the difference between an “open” and a “closed” fracture

Answer 12

open - bone sticks out of skin and needs to be immobilized where it sticks out

Closed- Broken one stays relatively in place and does not break skin.

Question 13

Describe first aid treatment for fractures

Answer 13

If its an open fracture, treat bleeding first. Splint and immobilize with anything rigid

Question 14

Describe the symptoms and treatment for a joint dislocation

Answer 14

Splint above joint, splint back into fixed position, don’t force into place, put ice on joint to reduce swelling

Question 15

Explain when and why a cold pack or heat pad would be used on a sprain

Answer 15

Apply cold pack immediately for the first 24-48. Then heat pack to increase blood flow.

Heat chronic injuries when irritated, help loosen tissue and relax, 20 minutes at a time, not when sleeping.

Question 16

Describe first aid treatment for snake bites

Answer 16

Keep bite below the heart, wash area with warm water and soap, remove constricting clothing, seek medical attention

Question 17

State the following as applied to electric shock:

Answer 17

Rescue- secure power source or separate victim from source, use a stick to move wires

Treatment- check vitals and provide CPR once scene is safe

Question 18

Describe the methods for clearing an obstructed airway

Answer 18

provide abdominal thrusts from behind the victim to dislodge airway

Question 19

Describe the effects of Hypothermia

Answer 19

Drop of bodies core temperature

Question 20

Describe the effects of Superficial Frostbite

Answer 20

Ice crystals form in upper layers of skin

Question 21

Describe the effects of Deep Frostbite

Answer 21

Ice crystals form in the deep tissue.

Question 22

Discuss Broken Bones as they pertain to SAR

Answer 22

Secure and immobilize to prevent movement during transport

Question 23

Discuss Burns as they pertain to SAR

Answer 23

Use a dry sterile dressing and keep the wound covered

Question 24

Discuss CPR as it pertains to SAR

Answer 24

Rescue breathing in water, once out of water CPR until given to higher medical authority

Question 25

Discuss spinal injuries as they pertain to SAR

Answer 25

Use litter to safely secure victim and prevent further injury, maintain C-spine