103 Naval Heritage and Doctrine Fundamentals

Question 1

State the six areas of Naval Doctrine

Answer 1

Command and Control, Operations, Warfare, Logistics, Intelligence, and Planning (COWLIP)

Question 2

Discuss the conditions that led to the formation of the US Navy

Answer 2

England allowed the colonies to trade with no other countries but England itself, and then began imposing unfair tariffs (taxation without representation). A Continental Congress was formed in September 1774 to draft a list of rights to be presented to the King of England. Naturally he laughed them off, which led to the formation of a second Continental Congress in May 1775 under George Washington. Esek Hopkins was our first Commander in Chief and he ordered two frigates to be created on October 13, 1775. They were put to sea in February 1776.

Question 3

Explain how Naval Intelligence Operations, more than any other service, support peacetime operational decision making

Answer 3

Intel is central to the decision-making process, enhances combat effectiveness, identifies vulnerabilities. Naval inetl assets are forward-deployed worldwide so we can always have a high state of readiness and accurate information

Question 4

State the mission of Naval Logistics

Answer 4

Ability to move and sustain forces at great distances from our shores, critical to foreign presence, repair/replenish ships

Question 5

State the importance of planning to Naval Operations

Answer 5

Used when action is a potential response to a threat to a US interest, military strength best enhanced by deliberate peacetime analysis, planning, and exercise

Question 6

Discuss how Naval Aviation supports Reconnaissance/Surveillance

Answer 6

search, interperate, record and analyze threats

Question 7

Discuss how Naval Aviation supports Antisubmarine Warfare

Answer 7

seek and destroy submarines

Question 8

Discuss how Naval Aviation supports Amphibious Assault

Answer 8

Landing of troops/equipment, beach bombardment

Question 9

Discuss how Naval Aviation supports Logistics

Answer 9

Transport of P/M/C where needed

Question 10

Discuss how Naval Aviation supports SAR

Answer 10

Land/sea, Fixed/rotor, provide over-watch/rescue actions

Question 11

Discuss how Naval Aviation supports Mine Warfare

Answer 11

Seek and destroy mines

Question 12

Discuss the significance of May 8, 1911 as it applies to Naval Aviation

Answer 12

Birthday of Naval Aviation. CAPT Chambers prepared requisitions for the purchase of 2 Curtiss biplanes. Became the navys first aircraft, called the A-1 Triad

Question 13

State the name of the first aircraft carrier

Answer 13

First American carrier was the USS Langley, converted from the coal carrier USS Jupiter in 1920.

Question 14

What was the first jet powered naval aircraft?

Answer 14

FJ-1 Fury in July 1946 operated from carriers

Question 15

Who was the first naval aviator in space?

Answer 15

Alan Shepard, May 5, 1961 for 15 minutes on board the Freedom

Question 16

Discuss the importance of the Battle of Coral Sea as it pertains to Naval History

Answer 16

It was the first naval battle fought entirely by aircraft; the ships never saw each other once. 4-8 May 1942

Question 17

Discuss the importance of the Great White Fleet as it pertains to Naval History

Answer 17

Teddy Roosevelt had mediated a peace treaty between Japan and Russia. Japan felt that it did not get everything it should have deserved and relations between Japan and America became tense. Most of our fleet was stationed in the Atlantic. TR caused the construction of 11 white battlecruisers between 1904 and 1907 and sent them on a “show of power” tour around the world.

Question 18

Discuss the importance of the Battle of Normandy as it pertains to Naval History

Answer 18

06 JUN 1944, largest amphibious assault in history. First successful opposed landing in 800 years. Gained us a foothold in France which began the march to victory against Germany.

Question 19

Discuss the importance of the Battle of Midway as it pertains to Naval History

Answer 19

4-7 JUN 1942, turning point in Pacific. Japan tried to lure the US to Midway which was a supply point for the US so they could attack but ADM Nimitz received intel and knew the Japanese plan enabling him to prepare his 3 carriers. Japan lost all 4 carriers, US lost 1, the USS Yorktown

Question 20

Discuss the importance of Guadalcanal as it pertains to Naval History

Answer 20

13-15 NOV 1942, It was the first amphibious assault on Japanese-held territories during WWII. 5 Sullivan brother were killed in the sinking of the USS Juneau. We gained a foothold and staging point to harass and attack Japan, while they LOST a vital staging and resupply point.

Question 21

Discuss the importance of the Battle of Leyte Gulf as it pertains to Naval History

Answer 21

October of 1944, final blow to Japan. The Philippines were vital to the Imperial Japanese Navy as a refueling point and lost it after the US took the Island. This was also the first battle utilizing Japanese “kamikaze” fighters.

Question 22

Discuss the Hand Salute

Answer 22

Dating back to medieval knights who touched their visors in deference to each other, it’s a simple tradition and an easy, universally recognized way of showing respect. Enlisted personnel in militaries worldwide salute warrant and commissioned officers.

Question 23

Discuss Saluting the Ensign

Answer 23

All personnel salute uncased American flags when in uniform or during the National Anthem. It’s a tribute to our country and flag and the men and women who have fought and died for her right to wave.

Question 24

Discuss Dipping the Ensign

Answer 24

Dipping the Ensign is a way for merchant ships to show respect to military ships, and likewise, a way for military ships to show respect to superior ships. It consists of dipping the flag to half mast, waiting for the superior ship to dip and haul colors, then resuming full mast. Naval vessels NEVER salute merchant ships first.

Question 25

Discuss the importance of the Gun Salute

Answer 25

When a ship fired her guns before it met another ship, it was essentially the ultimate way to show deference. The ship could be rendered utterly helpless for some period of time because it could take as long as 20 minutes for a crew to reload a gun.
President and heads of foreign States: 21 guns.
Vice President: 19 guns
Admirals: 17 guns
Vice Admirals: 15 guns
Rear Admiral Upper half: 13 guns
Rear Admirals lower half: 11 guns