102N.4 Building Blocks Of Human Body Flashcards
Anatomy
the study of the structure of organs and systems of the body
Physiology
The study and functions of organs and body systems
Pathology
The study of diseases and disorders
Cells
Basic units of living matter
Nucleus
Control center of cell activities
Chromosomes
Thread-like structures in the nucleus that carry genetic information
Mitosis
When a cell absorbs nutrients, grows and divides, creating a new cell
Metabolism
Chemical process in which cells use nutrients for cell growth and reproduction; anabolism and catabolism carry out simultaneously and continually within the cells
Anabolism
Process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones; phase where the body stores water, food, and oxygen for growth and cell repair
Catabolism
Process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones; causes a release of energy within the cell, necessary for specific body functions that include muscular movements, body secretions, heat production, and digestion
Epithelial tissue
Covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs
Connective tissue
Supports, protects, and holds the body together; gives contour to the body; allows for flexibility; collagen, elastin fibers, blood, lymph, and intestinal fluid are found here
Nerve tissue
Coordinates body functions in addition to carrying messages to and from the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system)
Primary organs
Separate body structures made up of tissues, performing specific functions as a part of a system; skin, bones, muscles, heart, brain, stomach, intestines, kidneys, and lungs
Body systems
Group of structures and /or organs that, together, perform one or more vital functions for the body; Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, nervous, digestive, excretory, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive
