10.1 Managing Change Flashcards
Name the 4 types of change.
Internal.
External.
Incremental.
Disruptive.
What is internal change?
Root cause is from inside the business e.g. new managers, expansion.
What is external change?
Root cause is from outside the business e.g. economic change, legal change.
What is incremental change?
Small but frequent changes over a long period of time.
What is disruptive change?
Extreme types of change to products or processes that irreversibly alter an industry or market e.g. technology innovation.
What is Lewis’s force field analysis?
A change management model that looks at the forces for and against change.
Help to identify which side is the stringer force.
What does Lewin name the ‘for’ forces?
Driving forces.
What is the name for the forces against change?
Restraining forces.
What 4 types of resistance to change does Kotters model identify?
Self interest.
Misunderstanding.
Assessment of the situation.
Low tolerance.
Explain self interest.
Biggest worry is impact on themselves.
Possible threat to job security and finances.
Explain misunderstanding as a factor of resistance to change.
Lacking information about need for change.
Explain ‘assessment of the situation’.
Agree a change is needed but don’t agree how it is being approached.
Or disagree a change is needed at all.
What is low tolerance for change?\
People resist change as people don’t think they have skills to cope with the change.
Prefer predictability and stability in their work.
What type of employees are most likely to have a low tolerance for change?
Older or more experienced employees.
What are the first 3 solutions to resistance to change?
Education and communication.
Participation and involvement.
Facilitation and support.
What is education and communication?
Addressing misunderstandings.
Explaining why change is happening.
What does participation and involvement involve?
Allow people to get involved in decision making process.
What is one issue with education and communication?
It takes a long time - dependent on how urgently change is needed.
What does facilitation and support involve?
Deals with low tolerance.
Provide support with training to help with coping.
What are the last 3 ways of overcoming change?
Negotiation and agreement.
Manipulation and co-option.
Coercion - explicit and implicit.
What does negotiation and agreement involve?
Bargaining and negotiating in order to win agreement.
May have to compromise.
Explain manipulation and co-option.
Offering rewards to win over people - particularly high up, influential people.
What is explicit coercion?
Telling employees exactly what the implications of their resistance will be.
What is implicit coercion?
Suggesting likely negative consequences for resistance.
