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PNS #1 > 1: UII CN II > Flashcards

1: UII CN II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the outer most layer of the eye called?

A

Fibrous tunic

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2
Q

What is the fibrous tunic made of?

A

Sclera: white part
Cornea: clear part over color

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3
Q

What is the only complete layer of the eye?

A

The outer fibrous tunic

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4
Q

What is the primary refractory structure of the eye that focuses light on the correct area?

A

Cornea

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5
Q

What is the middle layer of the eye called?

A

Vascular tunic

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6
Q

What is the vascular tunic made of?

A

Ciliary body: ciliary muscle and ciliary organs
Iris: colored part with 2 muscles
Choroid: highly vascular

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7
Q

What is the inner most layer of the eye?

A

Retina

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8
Q

How many layers does the retina have?

A

10 layers

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9
Q

What are the 10 layers of the eye from inside to outside?

A 
Internal limiting membrane
Nerve fiber layer
Ganglion cell layer
Inner plexiform layer
Inner nuclear layer
Outer plexiform layer 
Outer nuclear layer
External limiting layer 
Photosensitive outer segment 
Pigmented layer
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10
Q

What is the pigmented layer adjacent to?

A

The choroid

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11
Q

What is the photosensitive layer made of?

A

Outer segments of rods and cones

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12
Q

What does the outer nuclear layer contain?

A

Rod and cone cell bodies

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13
Q

What happens in the outer plexiform layer?

A

Rods and cones synapse with bipolar cells here

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14
Q

What does the inner nuclear layer contain?

A

Cell bodies of bipolar cells

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15
Q

What happens in the inner plexiform layer?

A

Bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells here

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16
Q

What is contained in the ganglion cell layer?

A

Ganglion cell bodies

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17
Q

What is the nerve fiber layer made of?

A

Retinal ganglion cell axons

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18
Q

Are retinal ganglion cell axons myelinated?

A

No… Unmyelinated

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19
Q

What is the internal limiting membrane?

A

Glial boundary separating the retina from the vitreous body

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20
Q

What shapes can the distal end of photoreceptors (closest to choroid) be?

A

Cylindrical (rod) shape

Tapered (cone) shape

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21
Q

How many types of cones are there?

A

3: red, green, blue

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22
Q

What do the cones recieve?

A

Color information (can sharpen image)

23
Q

What do the cones require to function properly

A

Adequate light

24
Q

Where are cones more concentrated?

A

Toward center of retina (fovea)

25
Q

How is color blindness genetic?

A

Fewer cones = greater color blindness

Mom carries, 23 chromosome, sex linked

26
Q

What do rods sense?

A

Light vs. dark only

27
Q

Where are rods found?

A

Periphery of retina al list all rods

28
Q

Are rods found in the fovea?

A

NO

29
Q

How do depolarized photoreceptors relay info?

A

To bipolar cells in outer plexiform layer

30
Q

Where are bipolar cell bodies found?

A

Inner nuclear layer

31
Q

What type of cells do bipolar cells relay info to?

A

Ganglion cells

32
Q

What layer do bipolar cells synapse with ganglion cells

A

Inner plexiform layer

33
Q

How do axons from ganglion cells travel?

A

In optic nerve from eye to optic disc

34
Q

How does the optic nerve enter the skull?

A

Through the optic canal, unite to form optic chiasma

35
Q

Are there photoreceptors on the optic disc?

A

NO

36
Q

Are the optic nerve fibers myelinated?

A

Yes

37
Q

What cells form the myelin on the optic nerve (CN II)

A

(Interfasciular) olgiodendrocytes

38
Q

Which fibers of CN II cross in the optic chiasma

A

Medial side of retina

39
Q

Which fibers of CN II do not cross in the optic chiasma?

A

The lateral retina fibers

40
Q

After CN II fibers split and cross in the optic chiasma what is formed?

A

Optic tracts

41
Q

How do the optic tracts travel?

A

Around the cerebral peduncles, fibers synapse on 1/3 nuclei of termination

42
Q

What are the three nuclei of termination that the optic tracts can synapse on?

A

Lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus, tectospinal tract

43
Q

How many layers is the eye made of?

A

Three layers

44
Q

How do the majority of CN II fibers travel?

A

Synapse in the lateral geniculate body, relayed to the cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe (BMA 17)

45
Q

How are the superior colliculus and tectospinal tract related?

A

Fibers synapse in the superior colliculus and info is relayed to the tectospinal tract

46
Q

What two muscles are influenced by the tectospinal tract?

A

Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

47
Q

What is observed with optic nerve lesion?

A

Lose sight in the eye the lesion is on, lose depth perception

48
Q

What is observed with a lesion in the optic chiasma?

A

Tunnel vision, loss of peripheral vision

49
Q

What is observed with a lesion in the optic tract?

A

Lose 1/2 of vision on the opposite side of the lesion

50
Q

What is the direct and consensual light reflexes?

A

Side with light constricts a lot: DIRECT

Side with out light slightly constricts: INDIRECT

51
Q

What is the accommodation reflex?

A

Near/far

Increase in convexity = closer focus

52
Q

What is the corneal reflex?

A

Touch cornea: person blinks and pulls away

53
Q

What is the convergence reflex?

A

Look at nose

54
Q

What are you testing with cranial nerve II reflex tests?

A

AFFERENT components only (CN II purely sensory)

Response requires motor function through different cranial nerve

PNS #1 (14 decks)

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