1: Review (Unit 1) Flashcards
What makes up the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What makes up the PNS?
Cranial and spinal nerves
How many cranial nerves are there?
12 attaching directly to brain
What type of function does the nucleus of origin of a CN have?
Motor function
What type of function does the nuclei of termination has on CN?
Sensory function
What do CN’s exit through?
Patent openings
How many spinal nerves are there?
31 pair (62 total)
How do spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord?
Via ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) rootlets
What type of information do the ventral (anterior) rootlets carry?
Efferent info
What kind of info do the dorsal (posterior) rootlets carry?
Afferent info
What covers the spinal cord?
Dura matter
What does the dorsal root contain?
Dorsal root (spinal) ganglia
Are spinal nerves mixed?
Yes
What does each spinal nerve split into?
Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) primary rami
What are the functional subdivisions of the nervous system?
Somatic and Visceral
What divisions does the somatic NS have?
Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
Describe the somatic motor (efferent) nerve?
One nerve from SC to skeletal muscle
Describe the sensory (afferent) nerve?
One nerve with cell body in PNS
What type of neurotransmitters does the somatic NS use?
Cholinergic
What does the visceral (autonomic) system control?
Vital body functions
What does the sympathetic division of the visceral NS innervate?
Heart, lungs, abnominopelvic organs, BV’s, arrest or pili
How does the sympathetic visceral NS reach targets?
2 efferent neurons
Describe the sympathetic visceral NS innervation structure?
Short preganglionic (ACh), long postganglionic (NE)
What is the sympathetic visceral neurotransmitter classification?
Adrenergic
What is the sympathetic trunk?
Sympathetic Visceral NS: chain along thoracic cavity
What does the sympathetic visceral NS end with?
Ganglion impar
What does the sympathetic visceral NS deal with?
Fight/flight; emergency
What splanchnic nerves are sympathetic visceral?
Greater, lesser, least (preganglionic sympathetic)
What cranial/spinal nerves are visceral parasympathetic?
CN: 3, 7, 9, 10
Spinal: S: 2, 3, 4
Does the parasympathetic NS supply the same organs as sympathetic NS?
Yes
What visceral NS system supplies fewer BV’s?
Parasympathetic
How does the parasympathetic visceral NS reach target?
Via 2 efferent neurons CHOLINERGIC
Where can parasympathetic visceral nerves come from?
Brain, cord
Describe how the parasympathetic visceral NS reach target?
Long preganglionic nerve (ACh), short postganglionic nerve (ACh)
What division of the visceral NS are the pelvic splanchnic found?
Parasympathetic
Where can the cell bodies of visceral afferent nerves be found?
Spinal ganglia
Ganglion associated with cranial nerves
What are the two neurons of the somatic motor pathway?
Upper motor neuron
Lower motor neuron
What are the structural subdivisions of the nervous system?
CNS and PNS
What are the 2 types of UMN’s?
pyramidal and extra pyramidal
Where are UMN’s found in the nervous system?
entirely w/i the CNS
Where are pyramidal UMN’s found and what do they do?
Cerebral cortex
initiate involuntary movement
Where are extra pyramidal UMN’s found and what do they do?
brain stem
monitor and correct movement
Where do UMN’s synapse?
in the cord
Where do UMN’s descend through?
corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri,
Where do most UMN’s cross?
in the pyramids
What tract do UMN’s descend in?
lateral corticospinal tract
Where do most UMN’s synapse?
anterior horn of the gray matter (RL VII)
Any damage to a nerve affects what and not this?
affects LMN’s not UMN’s
Where is the cell body of LMN’s found?
anterior horn of gray matter or nucleus of origin
Where do LMN’s exit?
exit cord via anterior (ventral) rootlets and are carried in named nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscle
How many neurons are used in somatic sensory input from the trunk and extremities?
3 neurons
What are the three neurons making up the somatic sensory input pathway?
primary (first order)
secondary (second order)
tertiary (third order)
Where are first order sensory neuron cell bodies found?
in the dorsal root (spinal) ganglion
What do first order sensory neurons carry?
convey information from a receptor to the CNS, synapse in spinal cord (carried in posterior columns synapse in the MO)
What do second order sensory neurons do?
decussate and convey information to the thalamus
What do tertiary sensory neurons do?
relay info to the cerebral cortex
Where is sensory information integrated?
the cerebral cortex
