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PNS #1 > 1: Review (Unit 1) > Flashcards

1: Review (Unit 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 attaching directly to brain

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4
Q

What type of function does the nucleus of origin of a CN have?

A

Motor function

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5
Q

What type of function does the nuclei of termination has on CN?

A

Sensory function

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6
Q

What do CN’s exit through?

A

Patent openings

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7
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pair (62 total)

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8
Q

How do spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord?

A

Via ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) rootlets

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9
Q

What type of information do the ventral (anterior) rootlets carry?

A

Efferent info

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10
Q

What kind of info do the dorsal (posterior) rootlets carry?

A

Afferent info

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11
Q

What covers the spinal cord?

A

Dura matter

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12
Q

What does the dorsal root contain?

A

Dorsal root (spinal) ganglia

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13
Q

Are spinal nerves mixed?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What does each spinal nerve split into?

A

Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) primary rami

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15
Q

What are the functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

Somatic and Visceral

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16
Q

What divisions does the somatic NS have?

A

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

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17
Q

Describe the somatic motor (efferent) nerve?

A

One nerve from SC to skeletal muscle

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18
Q

Describe the sensory (afferent) nerve?

A

One nerve with cell body in PNS

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19
Q

What type of neurotransmitters does the somatic NS use?

A

Cholinergic

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20
Q

What does the visceral (autonomic) system control?

A

Vital body functions

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21
Q

What does the sympathetic division of the visceral NS innervate?

A

Heart, lungs, abnominopelvic organs, BV’s, arrest or pili

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22
Q

How does the sympathetic visceral NS reach targets?

A

2 efferent neurons

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23
Q

Describe the sympathetic visceral NS innervation structure?

A

Short preganglionic (ACh), long postganglionic (NE)

24
Q

What is the sympathetic visceral neurotransmitter classification?

A

Adrenergic

25
Q

What is the sympathetic trunk?

A

Sympathetic Visceral NS: chain along thoracic cavity

26
Q

What does the sympathetic visceral NS end with?

A

Ganglion impar

27
Q

What does the sympathetic visceral NS deal with?

A

Fight/flight; emergency

28
Q

What splanchnic nerves are sympathetic visceral?

A

Greater, lesser, least (preganglionic sympathetic)

29
Q

What cranial/spinal nerves are visceral parasympathetic?

A

CN: 3, 7, 9, 10
Spinal: S: 2, 3, 4

30
Q

Does the parasympathetic NS supply the same organs as sympathetic NS?

A

Yes

31
Q

What visceral NS system supplies fewer BV’s?

A

Parasympathetic

32
Q

How does the parasympathetic visceral NS reach target?

A

Via 2 efferent neurons CHOLINERGIC

33
Q

Where can parasympathetic visceral nerves come from?

A

Brain, cord

34
Q

Describe how the parasympathetic visceral NS reach target?

A

Long preganglionic nerve (ACh), short postganglionic nerve (ACh)

35
Q

What division of the visceral NS are the pelvic splanchnic found?

A

Parasympathetic

36
Q

Where can the cell bodies of visceral afferent nerves be found?

A

Spinal ganglia

Ganglion associated with cranial nerves

37
Q

What are the two neurons of the somatic motor pathway?

A

Upper motor neuron

Lower motor neuron

38
Q

What are the structural subdivisions of the nervous system?

A

CNS and PNS

39
Q

What are the 2 types of UMN’s?

A

pyramidal and extra pyramidal

40
Q

Where are UMN’s found in the nervous system?

A

entirely w/i the CNS

41
Q

Where are pyramidal UMN’s found and what do they do?

A

Cerebral cortex

initiate involuntary movement

42
Q

Where are extra pyramidal UMN’s found and what do they do?

A

brain stem

monitor and correct movement

43
Q

Where do UMN’s synapse?

A

in the cord

44
Q

Where do UMN’s descend through?

A

corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri,

45
Q

Where do most UMN’s cross?

A

in the pyramids

46
Q

What tract do UMN’s descend in?

A

lateral corticospinal tract

47
Q

Where do most UMN’s synapse?

A

anterior horn of the gray matter (RL VII)

48
Q

Any damage to a nerve affects what and not this?

A

affects LMN’s not UMN’s

49
Q

Where is the cell body of LMN’s found?

A

anterior horn of gray matter or nucleus of origin

50
Q

Where do LMN’s exit?

A

exit cord via anterior (ventral) rootlets and are carried in named nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscle

51
Q

How many neurons are used in somatic sensory input from the trunk and extremities?

A

3 neurons

52
Q

What are the three neurons making up the somatic sensory input pathway?

A

primary (first order)
secondary (second order)
tertiary (third order)

53
Q

Where are first order sensory neuron cell bodies found?

A

in the dorsal root (spinal) ganglion

54
Q

What do first order sensory neurons carry?

A

convey information from a receptor to the CNS, synapse in spinal cord (carried in posterior columns synapse in the MO)

55
Q

What do second order sensory neurons do?

A

decussate and convey information to the thalamus

56
Q

What do tertiary sensory neurons do?

A

relay info to the cerebral cortex

57
Q

Where is sensory information integrated?

A

the cerebral cortex

PNS #1 (14 decks)

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