1: Review (Unit 1)

Question 1

What makes up the CNS?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 2

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 3

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 3

12 attaching directly to brain

Question 4

What type of function does the nucleus of origin of a CN have?

Answer 4

Motor function

Question 5

What type of function does the nuclei of termination has on CN?

Answer 5

Sensory function

Question 6

What do CN’s exit through?

Answer 6

Patent openings

Question 7

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 7

31 pair (62 total)

Question 8

How do spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord?

Answer 8

Via ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) rootlets

Question 9

What type of information do the ventral (anterior) rootlets carry?

Answer 9

Efferent info

Question 10

What kind of info do the dorsal (posterior) rootlets carry?

Answer 10

Afferent info

Question 11

What covers the spinal cord?

Answer 11

Dura matter

Question 12

What does the dorsal root contain?

Answer 12

Dorsal root (spinal) ganglia

Question 13

Are spinal nerves mixed?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What does each spinal nerve split into?

Answer 14

Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) primary rami

Question 15

What are the functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

Answer 15

Somatic and Visceral

Question 16

What divisions does the somatic NS have?

Answer 16

Sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

Question 17

Describe the somatic motor (efferent) nerve?

Answer 17

One nerve from SC to skeletal muscle

Question 18

Describe the sensory (afferent) nerve?

Answer 18

One nerve with cell body in PNS

Question 19

What type of neurotransmitters does the somatic NS use?

Answer 19

Cholinergic

Question 20

What does the visceral (autonomic) system control?

Answer 20

Vital body functions

Question 21

What does the sympathetic division of the visceral NS innervate?

Answer 21

Heart, lungs, abnominopelvic organs, BV’s, arrest or pili

Question 22

How does the sympathetic visceral NS reach targets?

Answer 22

2 efferent neurons

Question 23

Describe the sympathetic visceral NS innervation structure?

Answer 23

Short preganglionic (ACh), long postganglionic (NE)

Question 24

What is the sympathetic visceral neurotransmitter classification?

Answer 24

Adrenergic

Question 25

What is the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 25

Sympathetic Visceral NS: chain along thoracic cavity

Question 26

What does the sympathetic visceral NS end with?

Answer 26

Ganglion impar

Question 27

What does the sympathetic visceral NS deal with?

Answer 27

Fight/flight; emergency

Question 28

What splanchnic nerves are sympathetic visceral?

Answer 28

Greater, lesser, least (preganglionic sympathetic)

Question 29

What cranial/spinal nerves are visceral parasympathetic?

Answer 29

CN: 3, 7, 9, 10 Spinal: S: 2, 3, 4

Question 30

Does the parasympathetic NS supply the same organs as sympathetic NS?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What visceral NS system supplies fewer BV's?

Answer 31

Parasympathetic

Question 32

How does the parasympathetic visceral NS reach target?

Answer 32

Via 2 efferent neurons CHOLINERGIC

Question 33

Where can parasympathetic visceral nerves come from?

Answer 33

Brain, cord

Question 34

Describe how the parasympathetic visceral NS reach target?

Answer 34

Long preganglionic nerve (ACh), short postganglionic nerve (ACh)

Question 35

What division of the visceral NS are the pelvic splanchnic found?

Answer 35

Parasympathetic

Question 36

Where can the cell bodies of visceral afferent nerves be found?

Answer 36

Spinal ganglia | Ganglion associated with cranial nerves

Question 37

What are the two neurons of the somatic motor pathway?

Answer 37

Upper motor neuron | Lower motor neuron

Question 38

What are the structural subdivisions of the nervous system?

Answer 38

CNS and PNS

Question 39

What are the 2 types of UMN's?

Answer 39

pyramidal and extra pyramidal

Question 40

Where are UMN's found in the nervous system?

Answer 40

entirely w/i the CNS

Question 41

Where are pyramidal UMN's found and what do they do?

Answer 41

Cerebral cortex | initiate involuntary movement

Question 42

Where are extra pyramidal UMN's found and what do they do?

Answer 42

brain stem | monitor and correct movement

Question 43

Where do UMN's synapse?

Answer 43

in the cord

Question 44

Where do UMN's descend through?

Answer 44

corona radiata, internal capsule, crus cerebri,

Question 45

Where do most UMN's cross?

Answer 45

in the pyramids

Question 46

What tract do UMN's descend in?

Answer 46

lateral corticospinal tract

Question 47

Where do most UMN's synapse?

Answer 47

anterior horn of the gray matter (RL VII)

Question 48

Any damage to a nerve affects what and not this?

Answer 48

affects LMN's not UMN's

Question 49

Where is the cell body of LMN's found?

Answer 49

anterior horn of gray matter or nucleus of origin

Question 50

Where do LMN's exit?

Answer 50

exit cord via anterior (ventral) rootlets and are carried in named nerves to supply somatic (skeletal) muscle

Question 51

How many neurons are used in somatic sensory input from the trunk and extremities?

Answer 51

3 neurons

Question 52

What are the three neurons making up the somatic sensory input pathway?

Answer 52

primary (first order) secondary (second order) tertiary (third order)

Question 53

Where are first order sensory neuron cell bodies found?

Answer 53

in the dorsal root (spinal) ganglion

Question 54

What do first order sensory neurons carry?

Answer 54

convey information from a receptor to the CNS, synapse in spinal cord (carried in posterior columns synapse in the MO)

Question 55

What do second order sensory neurons do?

Answer 55

decussate and convey information to the thalamus

Question 56

What do tertiary sensory neurons do?

Answer 56

relay info to the cerebral cortex

Question 57

Where is sensory information integrated?

Answer 57

the cerebral cortex