1- Slaughter and carcass dressing Flashcards
Name the steps of beef slaughter
Antemortem inspection
Stunning
Shackling
Bleeding
Head removal
Hide removal
Evisceration
Splitting
Trimming
Marking
Chilling, Quartering & Deboning
Name the steps of lamb slaughter
Antemortem inspection
Stunning
Shackling
Bleeding
Hide removal
Evisceration
Splitting- if over a year
Trimming
Marking
Chilling, Quartering & Deboning
Name the steps of pig slaughter
Antemortem inspection
Stunning
Shackling
Bleeding
Scalding
Dehairing
Singing
Polishing
Washing
Evisceration
Splitting
Washing
Health mark
Chilling
Deboning
Define stunning
Any intentionally induced process which causes loss of consciousness and sensibility without pain
define slaughtering
the killing of animals intended for human consumption.
Name the 3 stunning methods
Captive bolt
Electronarcosis
Gas
Physiological effects of a captive bolt
Heavy blow > acceleration of heading leading to brain impact
Damage to nerves & b.v
Massive rise than fall in bp
Disruption of normal electrical activity
Name 3 things that occur after an effective stun
Collapse
No rhythmic breathing
Fixed glazed expression
No corneal reflex
Relaxed jaw
Tongue hanging out
Describe the 2 phases of stunning
Tonic (10-20 secs) = Collapse, stop breathing, rigid,
Clonic = Involuntary kicking
In which type of stunning can consciousness be regained
Electrical
What is the minimum conc of co2 used in carbon dioxide only gas stunning?
80%
What are the 3 types of gas stunning
Carbon dioxide at high concentration
Carbon dioxide mixed with inert gases
Inert gases
List some advantages of gas stunning
No excitement.
Completely relaxed: easy bleeding.
Non invasive.
Reduced blood splash.
Reduced Pale Soft Exudative (PSE)
List some Disadvantages of gas stunning
Very expensive
Welfare doubts:
- Acidic gas is pungent to inhale at > 40%.
- Potent respiratory stimulant: breathlessness.
- Not instantaneous.
Area in which you cut animals to bleed?
Cattle & pigs Vs small ruminants?
Neck via carotid & jugular = small ruminant
Thoracic stick via ascending aorta in cattle & pigs
What does singing pigs do?
Eliminate remaining hair
1000 degree tank
What is splitting used for?
Removal of spinal cord - tissue that could be infected
If an animal is shot at a farm what is the FCI called?
Health declaration
Name 3 aims of stunning
Kill/slaughter humanely
Obtain the maximum amount of blood from the animal- increases keeping quality
Health and safety
What is the main requirement of a stun
The loss of consciousness and sensibility shall be maintained until the death of the animal
What licensing do slaughter men need
Certificate of competence -OV checks this
Name the 2 types of captive bolt stunners and where they are used
Penetrative- abattoir
Non-penetrative- simple stunning on cattle, sheep, goats and deer under 10kg
Describe the best hygiene practices during the slaughter process of meat animals, and how they contribute to hygiene
- Hoisting the animals - keep it off the floor
- Bleeding ASAP and as much as possible - bacteria can grow in left over blood
- Scalding of pigs - gets rid of dirt
- Skinning of beef and lamb - gets rid of outer contamination
- Evisceration
- Dressing the carcase - removing all contaminated or damaged parts
- Chilling - never tough the floor, keeps it dry, prevents bacterial growth
What animals are stunned electrically
Sheep and pigs
Where on the body can electrical stunning take place- what are the results
Head only- will recover but not fully- must kill ASAP
Head and body- cardic arrest- irreversible, but more painful
Between which 2 phases do you legally need to kill the animal between after stunning
Within the tonic or clonic phase
Tonic is best
List some factors that can affect the bleeding of an animal
Heath of animal
rest prior to slaughter- muscle tone
back bleeding into the thoracic cavity
blood splashing- capillary rupture
What can happen if carcase not bled properly
the blood supply to the brain can remain and the animal can regain consciousness
List 2 reasons for polishing a pig after slaughter
improve quality
eliminate burned hair and superficial epidermis
What is the purpose of a health mark
It shows that the food has been produced to the current standards of hygienic food production in licensed premises and allow food to be traced back to those premises.
Who places the health mark on carcases and who is responsible for the health mark stamps
Generally placed on carcases by MHI but OV is responsible for them
